No abstract

The synthesis of four l-2'-deoxy-threose nucleoside phosphonates with the natural nucleobases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanosine has been performed. Especially the adenine containing analogue (PMDTA) was endowed with potent antiviral activity displaying an EC of 4.69 μM against HIV-1 and an EC value of 0.5 μM against HBV, whereas completely lacking cytotoxicity. The synthesis of a number of phosphonomonoamidate and phosphonobisamidate prodrugs of PMDTA led to a boost in antiviral potency. The most potent congeners were a l-aspartic acid diisoamyl ester phenoxy prodrug and a l-phenylalanine propyl ester phosphonobisamidate prodrug that both display anti-HIV and anti-HBV activities in the low nanomolar range and selectivity indexes of more than 300.

Background: Many patients with advanced cancer will develop physical and psychological symptoms related to their disease. These symptoms are infrequently treated by conventional care. Palliative care programs have been developed to fill this gap in care. However, there are limited beds in hospice units. To allow more terminal cancer patients to receive care from a hospice team, a combined hospice care system was recently developed in Taiwan. This study is a report of our experiences with this system. Patients and Methods: From January to December 2009, terminal cancer patients who accepted consultation from a hospice team for combined hospice care were enrolled in the study. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, referring department, type of cancer, and outcome were analyzed. Results: A total of 354 terminal cancer patients in acute wards were referred to a hospice consulting team. The mean patient age was 61 years, and the proportion of males was 63.28%. After combined hospice care, there was a significant improvement in the sign rate of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders from 41.53% to 71.47% ( p < 0.0001), and awareness of disease prognosis from 46.05% to 57.69% ( p ¼ 0.0006). Combined hospice care also enabled 64.21% of terminal cancer patients who were not transferred to hospice ward to receive combined care by a hospice consulting team while in acute wards, thus increasing the hospice utilization of terminal cancer patients. The major symptoms presented by the patients were pain (58%), dyspnea (52%), constipation (45%), and fatigue (23%). Conclusions: Through the hospice consulting system, hospice combined care has a positive effect on the utilization of hospice care, rate of DNR signing and quality of end-of-life care for terminal cancer patients.

Recently, mixed-dimensional p-n heterojunctions have shown desirable optoelectronic functionalities. However, relatively little is known about the influence of interfacial traps on electron transport under external bias. Here, we explore the prominent dual optoelectronic characteristics of n-MoS2/p-GaN heterostructures, including photodetection and persistent photocurrent (PPC). The photoresponsivity was found to achieve as high as ∼105 A W−1 for 532 nm laser illumination under reverse bias. Additionally, the device exhibits the long-lasting PPC with a decay time constant (460 s) under forward bias. The results indicate that the hybrid heterojunctions not only function as high performance photodetectors under reverse bias but also have potential to use the unique property of PPC for other optoelectronic applications under forward bias alternatively.