As bstract. The effects of total renal ischemia (TRI) of 15-87 min duration due to suprarenal clamping of the aorta were studied in 15 mannitol-treated patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery. 15 patients undergoing similar surgery but requiring only infrarenal clamping served as controls. 1-2 h following TRI, GFR was reduced to only 39% of that in controls, 23±5 vs. 59±7 ml/min (P < 0.001). This could not be ascribed to impaired renal plasma flow (RPF), which was mildly reduced to 331±71 and was not different from the value in controls, 407±66 ml/min. However, impaired PAH extraction (43±7%) and isosthenuria, not present in controls, suggest a primary role for tubular injury in lowering GFR at this time.24 h following TRI, the GFR remained depressed below controls, 45±8 vs. 84±8 ml/min (P < 0.005), while the transglomerular sieving of neutral dextrans was significantly enhanced (radius interval, 24-40 A). A theoretical analysis of transcapillary solute exchange revealed that these findings could be largely explained by a selective reduction of either RPF (-61%) or of transmembrane hydraulic pressure difference (-18%) below control values. Alternately, a combination of these two factors with changes of smaller magnitude could explain the findings. In contrast, a selective increase in oncotic pressure or decrease ofthe glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient could be excluded as a cause of hypofiltration 24 h after TRI. These observations lead us to suggest that the transient azotemia observed following TRI is due to a self-limited

OBJECTIVE: Because of the high incidence of recurrent colorectal adenomas, regular surveillance by colonoscopy is recommended. However, there is still a shortage of information on the factors that influence the incidence of recurrent colorectal adenomas in patients with a history of these lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the development of recurrent colorectal adenomas, metabolic syndrome and obesity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The hospital-based cohort was composed of 193 patients who had recurrent colorectal adenomas removed between January 2002 and December 2003. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between obesity, metabolic syndrome and other factors, and the incidence of recurrent adenomatous polyps. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 4.8 person-years. In all, 78 of the patients (40.4%) had recurrent colorectal adenomas. In the overall recurrent adenoma group, significant associations between metabolic syndrome (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02--1.73), waist circumference (WC) X90 cm (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.06--1.90) and waist--hip ratio (WHR) X0.9 (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.55--2.68) were found. Moreover, advanced adenomas were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (HR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.86--4.25), body mass index X25 kg m À2 (HR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.64--4.42), WC (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.31--3.54) and WHR (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.28--3.11). In addition, current smoking (HR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.09--6.25) and alcohol consumption (HR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.10--4.39) were also significantly associated with recurrent advanced adenoma. CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome and obesity were significantly associated with the development of recurrent colorectal adenomas in Korean adult males. Furthermore, these associations were more strongly associated with advanced adenomas.

This study evaluated antibiotic resistance and the related genes in total 47 Aeromonas veronii isolates from pet fish, eel (Anguilla japonica) and koi (Cyprinus carpio) in Korea. In comparison with the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates from eel and koi, those of pet fish were more resistant to ceftiofur, aminoglycosides, tetracycline and nitrofurantoin. And isolates from pet fish showed high prevalences of class 1 integron, quinolones and tetracycline resistance determinants than those from eel and koi. Repetitive-element palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) showed larger diversities among A. veronii isolates. Collectively, pet fish may be a reservoir for multiple clones of A. veronii involved in antibiotic resistance. In this aspect, imported fish in the aquaculture trade should be steadily and continually screened for bacterial antibiotic resistance and related genes.