In the complex battlefield environment, stealth radar target recognition has been paid increasing attentions. Previous studies have demonstrated that the stealth target can be identified well by pole extraction based on matrix pencil method (MPM). However, MPM suffers from the difficulty in setting model order and the time-domain resonant response aliasing problem. This paper proposes a new sliding-window matrix pencil method (SW-MPM) based on dynamic order setting and sliding window. Dynamic order setting scheme is used to overcome the difficulty of setting the order in matrix pencil method, while sliding window can avoid the aliasing problem of time-domain resonant response to some extent. The time-domain scattering data used in SW-MPM are obtained by inverse Fourier transform of the frequency domain scattering data in the resonance region. Taking typical stealth aircraft identification as example, the simulation results verify that the proposed method may extract more number of poles with better azimuth consistency, which is beneficial to improve the accuracy of pole-based target identification.