Background The number of countries where nurses are legally permitted to prescribe has grown rapidly due to a variety of external and internal forces. Despite its international popularity, nurse prescribing has not yet been implemented in China widely. Objective The intent of this paper is to review the current international literature regarding nurse prescribing so as to explore the necessity and possibility of implementation of nurse prescribing in China and classify the research gap. Methods Eight electronic databases including Embase, SpringerLink, EBSCO, CINAHL, Medline, Wiley, Science Direct, CochraneLibrary were electronically searched to identify related peer-review articles published in the English language only from 2007 to 2017. Relative references found from the identified studies were traced back to ensure that potentially eligible articles were included. Results Thirty-three publications which met the inclusion criteria were included in this literature review. The literature shows that not only could nurse prescribing provide quicker service, improvements in quality, but also could make better utilization of the nurses' professional skills and increase nurses' autonomy. Moreover, the barriers of nurse prescribing are explored to identify the factors that may facilitate the success of its implementation. Conclusion The review advises that nurses' views towards nurse prescribing have played a significant role in the success of nurse prescribing. While no literature regarding Chinese nurses' attitudes towards nurse prescribing could be identified, it is imperative to examine their attitudes on it. This would help Chinese healthcare policymakers ascertain the necessity of the introduction of nurse prescribing and provide them with valuable information for service planning.

Objective: To explore the concept of adherence in the context of rehabilitation of patients with chronic illnesses. This concept analysis is helpful in predicting health behaviors and intentions including physical activity and dietary behaviors in patients with chronic illnesses. Methods: The framework of Walker and Avant was used to analyze the concept of adherence. Results: Adherence is defined as the extent to which a person's behavior, such as taking medication, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds to agreed recommendations from a health-care provider. The antecedents of adherence are the biomedical status of the individual, social support, self-efficacy, and education. Self-report questionnaires and patient self-reporting are the most common measurement tools of adherence. Thus, the reliable and valid instrument of monitoring adherence in the clinical settings is challenging. Conclusions: Analyzing the concept of adherence is necessary to help understand how best to promote adherence to improve healthrelated outcomes.

ObjectiveThis study aims to use reflective theory and critical emancipatory theory to explore nurses’ communicative role with unsatisfied clients.MethodsThis paper begins with the broad issue, and the analysis will engage Smyth’s cycle, which includes describing, analyzing, exploring, and reconstructing.ResultsCritical emancipatory reflection is essential to make changes in the professional practice of nursing, because it is of primary importance for the professional learning and development of a nurse.ConclusionsCritical emancipatory reflection helps a nurse to analyze the constraints, including historical, sociocultural, political, and personal aspects.

necrotising enterocolitis (nec) is a serious intestinal disease that occurs in the neonatal period. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of vitamin d on NEC and the underlying mechanisms. Artificial feeding and hypoxia-cold stimulation were used to establish a mouse nec model. iec-6 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (lPS) to establish the in vitro nec model. changes in the levels of interleukin (il)-6, il-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TnF)-α, and activities of malondialdehyde (Mda) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were investigated via eliSa kits. in addition, mrna expression of il-6, il-1β and TnF-α and protein expression of phosphorylated (p)-erK1/2, Ki67, cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in intestinal tissues were determined via reverse transcription-quantitative Pcr and western blotting. cell proliferation and apoptosis were also analysed via MTT assay and flow cytometry. In NEC mice, vitamin D reduced intestinal tissue damage, decreased the mrna expression of il-6, il-1β and TnF-α, and decreased the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Mda. Whereas, vitamin d increased the protein expression of Bcl-2 and Ki67 and GPx, as well as the p-erK1/2/erK1/2 ratio, in nec mice. Furthermore, vitamin d improved cell viability, increased the ratio of p-erK1/2/erK1/2, inhibited apoptosis, and decreased the mrna expression of il-6, il-1β and TnF-α in lPS-treated IEC-6 cells. The dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor Pd98059 reversed the effects of vitamin D on the proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation of lPS-treated iec-6 cells. overall, vitamin d relieved nec in mice. Vitamin d promoted proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis and inflammation of LPS-treated IEC-6 cells by activating the erK signalling pathway.