Compared to TSE sequence, the BLADE technique can reduce the respiratory motion, gastrointestinal peristalsis, and vascular pulsation artifacts, while decreasing the scanning time and improving the anatomic detail and image quality.

Radiotherapy is the primary treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma while radioresistance can hinder efficient treatment. To explore the role of annexin A1 and its potential mechanisms in radioresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2-sh annexin A1 (knockdown of annexin A1) and the control cell line CNE2-pLKO.1 were constituted and CNE2-sh annexin A1 xenograft mouse model was generated. The effect of annexin A1 knockdown on the growth of xenograft tumor after irradiation and radiation-induced DNA damage and repair was analyzed. The results of immunohistochemistry assays and Western blotting showed that the level of annexin A1 was significantly downregulated in the radioresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues or cell line compared to the radiosensitive nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues or cell line. Knockdown of annexin A1 significantly promoted CNE2-sh annexin A1 xenograft tumor growth compared to the control groups after irradiation. Moreover, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assays revealed that knockdown of annexin A1 significantly inhibited apoptosis in vivo compared to the control groups. We assessed the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and the extent of radiation-induced DNA damage and repair using reactive oxygen species assay, comet assays, and immunohistochemistry assay. The results showed that knockdown of annexin A1 remarkedly reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, level of DNA double-strand breaks, and the phosphorylation level of H2AX and increased the accumulation of DNA-dependent protein kinase in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells after irradiation. The findings suggest that knockdown of annexin A1 inhibits DNA damage via decreasing the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the formation of γ-H2AX and promotes DNA repair via increasing DNA-dependent protein kinase activity and therefore improves the radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Together, our findings suggest that knockdown of annexin A1 promotes radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and provides insights into therapeutic targets for nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy.

Collectively, serum miR-192 potentially can be a reliable biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis in pediatric AML.