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Mechanical properties-physical properties that a material exhibits upon the application of forces. Indentation-a common method of testing the mechanical properties of materials by pressing the materials using an indentor tip. Forcedisplacement curve-a curve specifying the displacement of an object that results from applied forces. Biodistribution-a method of tracking where nanoparticles of interest

Analysis of vibrational absorption and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) for synthetic peptides designed to adopt β-hairpin conformations reveals characteristic well-resolved amide I absorption and VCD bands. All β-hairpins with a type II‘ β-turn segment yield an intense negative VCD band in the ∼1643−1659 cm-1 region, and a weak positive VCD band at ∼1693 cm-1. These spectral features are diagnostic of β-hairpins and distinct from those observed for other secondary structures. Comparison of the electronic CD spectra of the β-hairpin peptides Boc-Leu-Val-Val-DPro-Gly-Leu-Val-Val-OMe (1) and Boc-Leu-Phe-Val-DPro-Gly-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (2) reveals that cross-strand aromatic interactions result in anomalous CD spectra in the region 200−240 nm for peptide 2. Similar anomalous electronic CD are observed in the three-stranded β-sheet peptide Boc-Leu-Phe-Val-DPro-Gly-Leu-Val-Leu-Ala-DPro-Gly-Phe-Val-Leu-OMe (3), while the VCD spectrum is characteristic of β-hairpin conformations. The identical VCD spectra obtained for the peptides 1 and 2 emphasize the utility of VCD, as compared to electronic CD, in the conformational analysis of peptides containing aromatic residues.