The problem of heat damage in deep mine has become a hot issue in deep mining, and the research of reasonable and efficient heat barrier structure and better performance heat insulation materials can reduce the influence of high temperature environment to some extent. Firstly, based on the principle of heat transfer, we designed an overall coupled thermal barrier ring based on the analysis of the heat transfer mechanism of the surrounding rocks and carried out an in-depth analysis of the main factors of the structure, and developed a lightweight and durable thermal insulation material by mixing a high proportion of tailing with the solid waste conditions of the mine. Secondly, orthogonal tests were carried out to test the thermal parameters of different ratios of insulation materials, and the optimal horizontal ratio was obtained based on various analysis methods and consideration of the priority of each factor: 60 parts of tailings, 10% of glass beads, 2 parts of foaming agent, 15 parts of cement, and1% of cementitious materials with polyantelic acid water reducing agent. The study shows that the composite surrounding rock thermal barrier ring designed for the working conditions and the optimal ratio of surface insulation materials obtained from orthogonal test analysis can realize active cooling, create a comfortable environment for underground operation while saving costs, and also provide suggestions of measures for the management of thermal environment in the prominent thermal hazard mine.