The negative parenting practice, involving authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved parenting pattern, has harmful effects on children's mental health and personality development. Even worse, childhood trauma damages children's normal formation of personality and elevates the risk of personality disorders. This paper mainly discusses the association between negative parenting practice or childhood trauma and offspring paranoid personality disorder (PPD). According to abundant reviews, there are a number of evidences that support this relationship. First of all, insecure attachment pattern in childhood could shape paranoid trait, and parent-child relationship with low quality is considered as the trigger of paranoid trait. Plus, childhood maltreatment is suggested to contribute to abnormal mental development and personality disorder. Maltreated children showed more symptoms of PPD in adolescence, along with earlier signs of poor peer relations and externalizing problems. Moreover, aversive parental behavior and low parental nurturing are related to elevated risk of PPD during adulthood. Different types of maltreatment have different effects on risk of PPD, among which sexual and emotional abuse are the most influential ones. Generally, more negative influence of maltreatment was observed in black children and girls than in other groups. This review can provide some clues for future studies and practical application. It can provide guidance for family or community programs that aim to prevent or intervene PPD.
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