The Havran-Balıkesir Fault Zone (HBFZ) is one of the major active structures of the Southern Marmara Region, which has been shaped by the southern branch of North Anatolian fault since the Pliocene. HBFZ is a 10-12 km wide, 120 km long, right-lateral strike-slip fault zone that consists of two ENE-striking main faults, namely, the Havran-Balya and Balıkesir faults. The 90-km-long Havran-Balya fault exhibits right-stepping en echelon geometry and is made up of (1) Havran, (2) Osmanlar, (3) Turplu and (4) Ovacık fault segments. On the eastern part, the 70-km-long Balıkesir fault is divided into two fault segments; (1) Gökçeyazı and (2) Kepsut. We estimated the long-term slip rate between 3.59 and 3.78 mm/yr using river offset. The Kepsut, Gökçeyazı and Ovacık fault segments are capable of generating an earthquake with a moment magnitude of up to 7.2. Detailed palaeoseismological studies show that the HBFZ is responsible for some surface faulting earthquakes with an average recurrence interval of 1000-2000 years during the late Holocene. Considering the fact that there was no evidence of a surface-ruptured earthquake for 2000 years, it can be stated that there is a seismic gap on the Gökçeyazı fault segment.
Bu çalışmada, 14 Ocak 2017 ile 20 Mart 2017 tarihleri arasında Çanakkale-Ayvacık çevresinde meydana gelen depremlerin (Mw=5.3 ve daha küçük 1000'e yakın deprem) sismik kaynakları Şubat-Mart 2017 tarihleri arasında yapılan saha çalışmalarıyla 1/25.000 ölçeğinde haritalanmış ve ilgili faylarda kinematik analiz çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Haritalama çalışmalarımıza göre, oluşan depremlerin sismik kaynağı olan Tuzla Fayı'nın toplam uzunluğu (deniz altındaki uzantısıyla birlikte) 25 km'ye erişir ve Çamköy ile Paşaköy segmenti olarak adlandırılan iki segmentten yapılıdır. 15 km uzunluğundaki Çamköy segmenti, Tuzla Köyü'nün kuzeybatısındaki sahilden itibaren güneydoğuya doğru Tamış köyü güneybatısına kadar haritalanmıştır. 10 km uzunluğundaki Paşaköy segmenti ise, Kolfay Köyü'nden başlar ve güneydoğuya doğru Behram Köyü doğusunda Edremit Fayı ile birleşir. Şimdiye kadar oluşan depremlerin önemli bir bölümü KB-GD uzanımlı Tuzla Fayı'nın deformasyon zonu boyunca ve fayın düşen bloğu üzerindeki Tuzla Köyü ile Assos arasındaki bölgede meydana gelmiştir ve Tuzla Fayına ait Çamköy segmentinin kırıldığını göstermektedir. Henüz kırılmayan Paşaköy segmenti ise Mw=6.18 büyüklüğündeki bir deprem üretme potansiyeline sahiptir. Tarafımızdan yapılan haritalama çalışmalarına göre, iki segmente ait fay kolları Tamış Köyü güneyinde birbirine oldukça yaklaşmış bulunmaktadır. Tuzla Fayına ait iki segmentin birleşerek tek bir deprem üretmesi halinde, Mw=6.7 büyüklüğündeki bir depreme karşılık gelen enerjinin açığa çıkabileceği öngörülebilir. Depremlerin zaman ve mekân içerisindeki dağılımları ve büyüklükleri, tek bir ana şoka bağlı olarak gelişmediklerini, birbirine paralel-yarı paralel fay kollarının birbirini tetiklemesi sonucunda oluşan bir deprem fırtınası özelliği taşıdıklarına işaret etmektedir. Bu durum, Çamköy segmentinin birbirine bağlı sintetik ve antitetik nitelikli çok sayıda fay parçası içermesinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu fay kollarına ait kinematik veriler, Tuzla Havzası'nın KD-GB doğrultusunda gelişen çekme kuvvetleri etkisinde şekillendiğini göstermektedir.
The Kemalpaşa Basin is one of the Quaternary basins in Western Anatolia and represents the south-western branch of the Gediz Graben system in this extensional province. This basin has been formed under the NNE-SSW trending extensional tectonic regime. It is bounded by a major fault, the Kemalpaşa Fault, in the south and it is bounded by a number of downstepping faults, called as Spildağı Fault Zone, in the north. Both margin-bounding faults of the Kemalpaşa Basin are oblique-slip normal faults. In order to better understand the activities of these faults, we investigated the tectonic geomorphology of the Kemalpaşa Basin and interpreted the effect of tectonic activity on the geomorphological evolution using geomorphic markers such as drainage basin patterns, facet geometries and morphometric indices such as hypsometric curves and integral (HI), basin shape index (B s ), valley floor width-to-height ratio (V f ) and mountain front sinuosity (S mf ). The morphometric analysis of 30 drainage basins in total and mountain fronts bounding the basin from both sides suggests a relatively high degree of tectonic activity. The mountain front sinuosity (S mf ) generally varies from 1.1 to 1.3 in both sides of the basin suggesting the active fronts and facet slopes (12°-32°) suggest a relatively high degree of activity along the both sides of the Kemalpaşa Basin. Similarly, the valley floor width-to-height ratios (V f ) obtained from the both sides indicate low values varying from 0.043 to 0.92, which are typical values (<1) for tectonically active mountain fronts. The all values obtained are lower for the southern side. Therefore, we suggest that the tectonic activity of the Kemalpaşa Fault higher than the Spildağı Fault Zone. This difference that can be arised from the different uplift rates also reveals the typical asymmetric characteristics of the Kemalpaşa Basin. Additionally, the trapezoidal facets which have been observed on the southern side of the basin indicate that the Kemalpaşa Fault is evolutionally more active as compared to the Spildağı Fault Zone. The geomorphic indices indicate that the Quaternary landscape evolution of the Kemalpaşa Basin was governed by tectonic and erosional processes, and also the all results of morphometric analysis suggest a relatively high degree of tectonic activity along the faults bounding the Kemalpaşa Basin. Moreover, considering that active large normal faults with an average 15 km long can cause major earthquake, the earthquake hazard in the Kemalpaşa Basin should be investigated in detailed paleoseismological studies.
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