Among the various indices developed for measuring the results of treatment in patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), the GOSLON Yardstick index is the most widely used to assess the efficacy of treatment and treatment outcomes, which in UCLP cases are closely linked to jaw growth. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to validate the predictability of growth using the GOSLON Yardstick in patients born with UCLP. A systematic literature review was conducted in four Internet databases: Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Embase, complemented by a manual search and a further search in the databases of the leading journals that focus on this topic. An electronic search was also conducted among grey literature. The search identified a total of 131 articles. Duplicated articles were excluded and after reading titles and abstracts, any articles not related to the research objective were excluded, leaving a total of 21 texts. After reading the complete text, only three articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The results showed a predictive validity of between 42.2% and 64.7%, which points to a lack of evidence in the literature for the predictive validity of the GOSLON Yardstick index used in children born with UCLP.

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Background: Halitosis is a common and well-studied condition throughout the world. There are several publications on the etiology and prevalence of halitosis in the adult population. However, in children, studies are inconclusive. This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish the prevalence and factors involved in halitosis in the pediatric population. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in the databases: Scopus, Cocharne Library, Medline, and Embase, complemented by a manual search. This review was carried out according to PRISMA standards and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020183948). Results: Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria for conducting the qualitative synthesis. Twelve studies were used for quantitative synthesis and meta-analysis. It was estimated that 36.6% of the children who participated in the studies had halitosis. The presence of oral breathing, coating of the tongue, gingival inflammation and inadequate oral hygiene were the main risk factors for the development of halitosis, with an odds ratio of 8.036 (95% CI: 1-44-9), 3.24 (95% CI 1.38-7.62), 1.577 (95% CI 1.14-2.19) and 3.09 (95% CI 2.36-4.04) respectively. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of halitosis in children and the many associated risk factors, a preventive approach is necessary to avoid its the negative social impact.