A balanced nursing workload is crucial for patient and staff safety. Although there are several nursing planning models, there is no generic methodology to identify critical workload factors and their relative impact on different healthcare environments. We propose Six Sigma (SS) as a generic methodology and its DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) framework to identify statistically proven factors that affect nursing workload (NW) in any healthcare environment. Additionally, using a regression model, we estimated their relative importance. For our case study, we found that the number of patients per ward, the number of times medication was administered per shift, the number of nurses and the type of shifts were significant factors in predicting nursing workload. Using their relative importance as input for the nursing planning process, we improved the nursing assignment process performance from 0.09 to 1.05, with an increase in the sigma level from −0.34 to 2.97. Also, we reached the 55% target for the percentage of NW, from a baseline of 50.3%. We also reached the percentage target of NW set by the management of 55%, from the baseline of 50.3%. This study shows that SS can be used effectively to estimate the importance of the main factors that affect nursing workload, providing a methodology to improve the nurse–patient assignment process.
En el presente artículo se propone implementar un taller educativo basado en la técnica “juego de roles”, en el plan de estudios de una materia ofrecida en cualquiera de los dos últimos años de un programa de Ingeniería. Se evidencia, mediante revisión literaria, que las actividades educativas basadas en esta técnica son fundamentales en el estudio y comprensión de distintas problemáticas, como la migración global. A través de la personificación de representantes de una nación, los participantes logran no solo analizar los problemas que experimentan los migrantes y refugiados en varios países, sino que también se busca crear conciencia, empatizar y sentir la crisis y vulneración de derechos humanos fundamentales que viven a diario, motivando a los estudiantes a buscar continuamente soluciones innovadoras a dichos conflictos. Una de las herramientas basadas en simulación de “juego de roles” comúnmente utilizada es el Modelo de las Naciones Unidas (MUN), el cual consiste en una representación del Sistema de Naciones Unidas en escuelas, colegios y universidades. A lo largo del artículo se analiza el funcionamiento de técnicas de aprendizaje activo, sus beneficios e importancia sobre las habilidades sociales y formación integral de los estudiantes de Ingeniería. Adicionalmente, se revisa el impacto positivo de incluir temas sociales, como migración global, en los sistemas educativos.
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