Residual pockets are challenging sites that require additional periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) in residual pockets in single-rooted teeth. A blind, split-mouth, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in systemically healthy subjects presenting at least two residual pockets (probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 5 mm with bleeding on probing (BoP)) in single root teeth in supportive periodontal therapy. The selected sites were assigned to receive (1) PDT + SRP or (2) SRP. In sites treated by PDT as adjunctive to SRP, the laser system included a handheld battery-operated diode laser with a wavelength of 660 nm, a power output of 60 mW, and energy density of 129 J/cm(2), together with methylene blue as a photosensitizer (10 mg/ml). Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and 3 months post-therapies. Clinical parameters improved significantly after both therapies (p < 0.05), whereas higher probing pocket depth reduction and clinical attachment level gain were observed in the PDT + SRP group at 3 months (p < 0.05). In addition, sites treated by the combined approach yielded a significant reduction in the number of sites with PPD <5 mm without BoP after 3 months compared to sites treated by conventional SRP alone (p < 0.05). PDT as an adjunctive to mechanical debridement demonstrated additional clinical benefits for residual pockets in single-rooted teeth and may be an alternative therapeutic strategy in supportive periodontal maintenance.

The 18-month retention rate of the two self-etch adhesives used in the present study was similar to that of two etch-and-rinse adhesives from the same manufacturer. However, the quality of enamel margins was significantly better for the two etch-and-rinse adhesives. SUMMARYStatement of the Problem: With Institutional Review Board approval, 39 patients who needed restoration of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) were enrolled in this study. A total of 125 NCCLs were selected and randomly assigned to four groups: 1) a three-step etch-andrinse adhesive, Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (MP, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA); 2) a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive, Adper Single Bond Plus (SB, 3M ESPE); 3) a two-step selfetch adhesive, Adper Scotchbond SE (SE, 3M ESPE); and 4) a one-step self-etch adhesive, Adper Easy Bond (EB, 3M ESPE). A nanofilled composite resin was used for all restorations. Restorations were evaluated at six months and 18 months using modified U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) parameters.Results: At six months after initial placement, 107 restorations (85.6% recall rate) were evaluated. At 18 months, 94 restorations (75.2% recall rate) were available for evaluation. The 6 mo/18 mo overall retention rates (%) were 100/90.9 for MP; 100/91.7 for SB; 100/90.9 for SE; and 96.4/92.3 for EB with no statistical difference between any pair of groups at each recall. Sensitivity to air decreased significantly for all adhesives from the preoperative to the postop-

The combined therapeutic approach SRP + PDT may reduce A. actinomycetemcomitans levels for a short-term period, associated with additional improvement in clinical parameters in treating residual pockets. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:944-950, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

All of the techniques exhibited trueness and had acceptable precision. The variation of the angle of the implants did not affect the accuracy of the techniques.

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