RESUMO: O rendimento de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) é estabelecido pelo número de grãos produzidos por unidade de área e pelo peso do grão. Este é determinado pela taxa e duração do desenvolvimento do grão. A taxa e a duração do enchimento do grão foram determinados em sete genótipos de trigos brasileiros, com o objetivo de avaliar a variação genotípica para estes caracteres e a relação dos mesmos com parâmetros agronômicos. Variações genotípicas significativas foram observadas, tanto para a taxa como para a duração de enchimento da grão. A taxa e a duração de enchimento do grão variaram de 0,077 a 0,089 mg/sem/gráus dias acumulados e de 27 a 31 dias, respectivamente. A taxa e não a duração de enchimento estava associada ao peso do grão. A seleção de genótipos com maior peso de grão pode levar à obtenção de cultivares de trigo precoces, com maior taxa de enchimento de grãos e adequadas a um sistema de duas culturas anuais. Palavras chave: Triticum aestivum, taxa de enchimento do grão, peso do grão VARIATION AND ASSOCIATION OF KERNEL GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF WHEAT GENOTYPESABSTRACT: Yield of wheat seed is a function of the number of grains produced per unit area and grain weight. Grain weight is affected by the rate and duration of the kernel growth. The objective of this experiment was to measure the rate and duration of grain filling of seven brazilian wheat genotypes in order to evaluate genotypic variation for these characters and to examine the relationship between rate and duration of grain filling, and other agronomic parameters. Significant genotypic variation for rate and duration of seed filling was observed. Rate of seed filling varied from 0.077 to 0.089 mg/seed/accumulated growing degree days, while duration of grain filling varied between 27 to 31 days. Rate, but not duration of grain filling, was correlated with grain weight. Kernel weight may be an appropriate selection criteria to be used by breeders to select early maturing wheat genotypes for higer grain filling rate.
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