Purpose of the Study:Personal identification is a vital arena of forensic investigation, facilitating the search for missing persons. This process of identification is eased by the determination of age, sex, and ethnicity. In situations where there are fragmented and mutilated skeletal remains, sex determination is relatively difficult, and it becomes important to establish the accuracy of individual bones.Aim:This study aims to evaluate sexual dimorphism in foramen magnum (FM) dimensions in the South Indian population using digital submentovertex (SMV) radiograph.Materials and Methods:150 individuals (75 males and 75 females) were subjected to digital SMV radiography. FM in the resultant image was assessed for longitudinal and transverse diameters, circumference, and area. Also, one particular shape was assigned to each image based on the classification of Chethan et al. of FM shapes. Three qualified oral radiologists performed all the measurements twice within an interval of 10 days.Results and Conclusion:The values obtained for all four parameters were statistically significant and higher in males than in females. The most common morphology of FM was an egg shape while hexagonal was the least common morphology. Circumference was the best indicator of sex followed by area, transverse diameter, and longitudinal diameter. Having achieved a high accuracy of 67.3% with digital SMV radiograph makes it a reliable and reproducible alternative to dry skulls for sex determination.

EIAgen H. pylori IgG assay is a noninvasive, moderately accurate, and sensitive method for the detection of H. pylori infection in saliva. Salivary anti H. pylori IgG test prior to endoscopy is a useful screening test for seroepidemiological studies.

Calendula officinalis (Calendula), a member of the Asteraceae family, is often known as English Marigold or Pot Marigold. Marigold is a fragrant herb that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Calendula species have been highlighted in order to better understand their diverse biological activities and modes of action. Carotenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and sterols, quinines, volatile oil, and amino acids are all found in abundance in this plant. Calendula oil is still used as an anti-tumour agent in medicine, which is also a wound healing agent. Among herbal medicines, calendula suspension or tincture is used to treat acne locally, reduce inflammation, control bleeding and soothe irritated tissues. This Calendula plant's extract, a pure chemical extracted from it, have been shown to have a variety of pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oedematous, anti-oxidant activity, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity, anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and antiviral activity, wound healing and immunostimulant activity. Anti-cytotoxic, hepato-protective, spasmolytic properties and also impacts on exhibiting increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha and Interferons (IFN)-gamma and acute phase protein, C-reactive protein. C.officinalis may have an important future impact on the development of new cancer treatment strategies, and until now it has been specifically used to reduce the side effects of radiotherapy. This review looked at the organoleptic, in-vitro, and in-vivo pharmacological activities, as well as the description, cultivation, and active chemical constituents of Calendula officinalis, in order to fill in the gaps in current knowledge about this plant and to highlight its potential applications as a medicinal agent.

. Significance: Screening and early detection of oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs) are of great significance in reducing the mortality rates associated with head and neck malignancies. Intra-oral multispectral optical imaging of tissues in conjunction with cloud-based machine learning (CBML) can be used to detect oral precancers at the point-of-care (POC) and guide the clinician to the most malignant site for biopsy. Aim: Develop a bimodal multispectral imaging system (BMIS) combining tissue autofluorescence and diffuse reflectance (DR) for mapping changes in oxygenated hemoglobin ( ) absorption in the oral mucosa, quantifying tissue abnormalities, and guiding biopsies. Approach: The hand-held widefield BMIS consisting of LEDs emitting at 405, 545, 575, and 610 nm, 5MPx monochrome camera, and proprietary Windows-based software was developed for image capture, processing, and analytics. The DR image ratio (R610/R545) was compared with pathologic classification to develop a CBML algorithm for real-time assessment of tissue status at the POC. Results: Sensitivity of 97.5% and specificity of 92.5% were achieved for discrimination of OPML from patient normal in 40 sites, whereas 82% sensitivity and 96.6% specificity were obtained for discrimination of abnormal (OPML + SCC) in 89 sites. Site-specific algorithms derived for buccal mucosa (27 sites) showed improved sensitivity and specificity of 96.3% for discrimination of OPML from normal. Conclusions: Assessment of oral cancer risk is possible by mapping of absorption in tissues, and the BMIS system developed appears to be suitable for biopsy guidance and early detection of oral cancers.

Routine panoramic radiographic evaluations reveal morphological differences in the maxillofacial structures, particularly the mandible. Although bifid condyle variants are prevalent, bifid coronoid processes are rarely reported. Here a regular digital Orthopantomograph (OPG) was advised for the patient’s routine dental care, which revealed the presence of a unilateral bifid coronoid process on the right side of the jaw, which was confirmed with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). This is notable, because it is only the second incidence of its kind to be documented.