No abstract

To assess changes in sexual behavior, sexual attitudes, and sexual risk related to HIV, we conducted mailed questionnaire surveys in random samples of the Swedish general population in 1989, 1994, 1997, 2000, and 2003 (total N = 13,762). Each sample consisted of 4,000-6,000 subjects aged 16-44 years, stratified by age: 16-17, 18-19, 20-24, 25-34, and 35-44 years. The overall participation rate was 63.8% (for men, 55.9%; for women, 71.9%). The prevalence of three or more sexual partners and casual sexual contacts without the use of a condom was comparatively high for men, for persons aged 16-24 years, single persons with and without a regular partner, and persons living in towns and urban areas. The prevalence of multiple sexual partners and casual sexual contacts increased significantly over time. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of participants who agreed with the statement "Sexual intercourse should only take place in a stable relationship." Personal risk assessments related to HIV did not change significantly over time. The study shows that risky sexual behavior related to HIV/AIDS increased in the Swedish population between 1989 and 2003, and that attitudes concerning casual sexual relations became more permissive.

Changes in attitudes regarding HIV are usually more often observed than changes in sexual behaviour. However, increased condom use in younger participants may be reflective of secular changes in sexual behaviour that may facilitate the prevention of HIV in Sweden.

We examined the effects of functional ability and various sociodemographic characteristics of 553 elderly persons on their need for domestic assistance. The Sickness impact Profile was used to assess functional ability. Multiple logistic regression identified the following statistically significant determinants of informal home help (including various practical activity of daily living [ADL] chores): poor physical status, age greater than 85 years, male gender, not living alone, and living in a rural district. The following determinants of formal home help manifested themselves: poor physical status, male gender, and living alone. Physical status, age, gender, and district of domicile were independently associated with overall use of home help.

Sexual risk behaviour increased significantly for 16-24 year olds, and particularly young women, during the study period. To reduce the risk of uncontrollable spread of sexually transmitted infections in this age group, it is imperative that condom use in risky sexual contact is encouraged.