a b s t r a c tAlthough recent studies suggest a strong association between short-term memory (STM) for serial order and lexical development, the precise mechanisms linking the two domains remain to be determined. This study explored the nature of these mechanisms via a microanalysis of performance on serial order STM and novel word learning tasks. In the experiment, 6-and 7-year-old children were administered tasks maximizing STM for either item or serial order information as well as paired-associate learning tasks involving the learning of novel words, visual symbols, or familiar word pair associations. Learning abilities for novel words were specifically predicted by serial order STM abilities. A measure estimating the precision of serial order coding predicted the rate of correct repetitions and the rate of phoneme migration errors during the novel word learning process. In line with recent theoretical accounts, these results suggest that serial order STM supports vocabulary development via ordered and detailed reactivation of the novel phonological sequences that characterize new words.Ó 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. IntroductionAn increasing literature is showing that verbal short-term memory (STM), and especially STM for serial order, is closely associated with lexical development. The underlying hypothesis is that shortterm retention abilities for sequential information support vocabulary development by facilitating 0022-0965/$ -see front matter Ó