OBJECTIVETo summarize the evidence on effectiveness of translational diabetes prevention programs, based on promoting lifestyle change to prevent type 2 diabetes in realworld settings and to examine whether adherence to international guideline recommendations is associated with effectiveness. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSBibliographic databases were searched up to July 2012. Included studies had a follow-up of ‡12 months and outcomes comparing change in body composition, glycemic control, or progression to diabetes. Lifestyle interventions aimed to translate evidence from previous efficacy trials of diabetes prevention into realworld intervention programs. Data were combined using random-effects metaanalysis and meta-regression considering the relationship between intervention effectiveness and adherence to guidelines. RESULTSTwenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. The primary meta-analysis included 22 studies (24 study groups) with outcome data for weight loss at 12 months. The pooled result of the direct pairwise meta-analysis shows that lifestyle interventions resulted in a mean weight loss of 2.32 kg (95% 22.92 to 21.72; I 2 = 93.3%). Adherence to guidelines was significantly associated with a greater weight loss (an increase of 0.4 kg per point increase on a 12-point guideline-adherence scale). CONCLUSIONSEvidence suggests that pragmatic diabetes prevention programs are effective. Effectiveness varies substantially between programs but can be improved by maximizing guideline adherence. However, more research is needed to establish optimal strategies for maximizing both cost-effectiveness and longer-term maintenance of weight loss and diabetes prevention effects.

Pediatric cancer survivor (PCS) rates have increased dramatically over the past several decades. Despite increased survival, research now indicates that overweight/obesity rates among PCS are greater than that in the general pediatric population. This article outlines a five-phase pilot study for the purpose of adapting a comprehensive parent psycho-educational intervention (NOURISH) to address the specific issues that contribute to overweight/obesity in PCS. The pilot consisted of medical record review of body mass indices (BMIs) among PCS to determine prevalence of overweight/obesity, health care provider (HCP) focus groups, parent focus groups, parent interviews, and pilot of the proposed six-session intervention (NOURISH-T). Study findings indicated the following: (1) High rates of overweight/obesity in PCS; (2) A great need for intervention expressed by HCPs and parents; (3) Interest in such a program by parents; and (4) Implementation of a small-scale intervention in a clinic is likely feasible.

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This study investigated relations among optimism, perceived health vulnerability, treatment intensity, and academic, self-regulatory, and social self-efficacy in adolescent survivors of childhood cancer. Fifty-six adolescent survivors (Mage = 16.19 years, SD = 2.48) completed questionnaires. Compared to a previously published sample of adolescents without a history of cancer, survivors reported similar academic, higher self-regulatory, and lower social self-efficacy. Optimism and health vulnerability were associated with changes in academic, self-regulatory, and social self-efficacy. Cancer-specific variables (e.g., treatment intensity, time since treatment ended) were unrelated to self-efficacy. Interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy may benefit from exploring optimism and health vulnerabilities as mechanisms for change.