How has the sonnet form in Spanish evolved over the centuries? What is the distribution of metrical patterns and combinations thereof, considering diachronic, geographical, and social factors? What rhyme schemes are favoured in different periods and regions? How is enjambment distributed within the sonnet? Providing quantitative answers to such questions requires a corpus spanning several centuries, annotated for the relevant literary features and containing author metadata. The absence of appropriate digital resources to undertake a macroanalytic study of the evolution of the sonnet in Spanish led us to create the Diachronic Spanish Sonnet Corpus. This article presents how the corpus was designed for providing quantitative evidence on the evolution of sonnets in Spanish, and our findings regarding metrics and enjambment. The corpus contains 4,085 sonnets by 1,204 Spanish and Latin American authors (15th to 19th centuries), encoded in TEI, with RDFa attributes. The corpus aims at breadth, including many peripheral authors besides some major ones. Author metadata were encoded (dates, origin, gender). Scansion and enjambment were annotated automatically, with the ADSO and ANJA tools. The range of authors and periods, the use of TEI and RDFa for interoperability, and the combination of metrical and enjambment annotations goes beyond previously available digital resources. The corpus allowed us to examine the evolution of metrical patterns and their combinations after the Golden Age, complementing earlier studies. We also observed an increase in enjambment across the tercets in the 19th century, which may indicate increased variety in the discourse organization of sonnets in the period.

Enjambment takes place when a syntactic unit is broken up across two lines of poetry, giving rise to different stylistic effects. In Spanish literary studies, there are unclear points about the types of stylistic effects that can arise, and under which linguistic conditions. To systematically gather evidence about this, we developed a system to automatically identify enjambment (and its type) in Spanish. For evaluation, we manually annotated a reference corpus covering different periods. As a scholarly corpus to apply the tool, from public HTML sources we created a diachronic corpus covering four centuries of sonnets (3750 poems), and we analyzed the occurrence of enjambment across stanzaic boundaries in different periods. Besides, we found examples that highlight limitations in current definitions of enjambment.

La pausa métrica es hoy en día considerada, por prácticamente todos los estudiosos, como uno de los elementos esenciales del verso. Este artículo hace una revisión teórica sobre la pausa con el objetivo de ofrecer una perspectiva amplia de las refl exiones que ha suscitado, recorriendo algunos de los puntos que ofrecen mayor discusión entre los expertos y retos en su fi jación teórica. El artículo se centra en la versifi cación en español y lo que sobre la pausa han escrito sus tratadistas y críticos. Se parte de la pausa métrica y su relevancia para el discurso versificado, para tratar después su relación con la escritura y la marca gráfica que la señala, la naturalidad de la pausa métrica (esticomitia y encabalgamiento) y una breve revisión de los desafíos que presenta la pausa en el interior de verso en la teoría métrica.The metric pause is considered nowadays, in the academia, by practically all researchers, as one of the essential elements in verse. This article makes a review about the metric pause with the aim of offering a broad perspective of the reflections that it has raised, going through some of the points that off er more discussion among the experts, and showing the challenges for its theoretical fixation. The article focuses on the versification in Spanish and what scholars and critics have written about the pause. It takes as its starting point the metric pause and its relevance for versification. The article handles later the pause relation with the writing and the graphic mark that indicates it, the naturalness of the metric pause (enjambment and syntactic end-stopping) and a brief review of the challenges that the pause within a metrical line presents for the theory of versifi cation and metrics.

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El uso de la rima ha decrecido considerablemente en la poesía actual en español por varias razones, entre las que destaca la transición de la oralidad a una cultura escrita. En realidad, gracias a la cultura oral la rima no se ha perdido en las letras de canciones, sino más bien todo lo contrario. En algunos estilos de música su uso se ha reforzado y se ha comenzado a experimentar con sus vastas posibilidades. En este artículo analizaremos estos experimentos que prueban que hay todavía mucho que descubrir en este campo, y que la rima no es un elemento tan limitado como podía parecer. Nos centraremos únicamente en un estilo, el rap, y en un grupo, Violadores del Verso. Trataremos, asimismo, de relacionar y comparar estas innovaciones de la rima que se utilizan en la música con las utilizadas en la poesía en lengua española actual.