Fourteen-month-old infants were presented with static images of happy, neutral, and fearful emotional facial expressions in an eye-tracking paradigm. The emotions were expressed by the infant's own parents as well as a male and female stranger (parents of another participating infant). Rather than measuring the duration of gaze in particular areas of interest, we measured number of fixations, distribution of fixations, and pupil diameter to evaluate global scanning patterns and reactions to emotional content. The three measures were differentially sensitive to differences in parental leave, emotional expression, and face familiarity. Infants scanned and processed differently happy, neutral, and fearful faces. In addition, infants cared for by both father and mother (divided parental leave) distributed their gaze more across faces than did Correspondence should be sent to

A head-mounted camera was used to measure head direction. The camera was mounted to the forehead of 20 6-and 20 12-month-old infants while they watched an object held at 11 horizontal (À80 to þ 80 ) and 9 vertical (À48 to þ 50 ) positions. The results showed that the head always moved less than required to be on target. Below 30 in the horizontal dimension, the head undershoot of object direction was less than 5. At 80 , however, the undershoot was substantial or between 10 and 15 . In the vertical dimension, the undershoot was larger than in the horizontal dimension. At 30 , the undershoot was around 25% in the downward direction and around 40% in the upward direction. The size of the undershoot was quite consistent between conditions. It was concluded that the head-mounted camera is a useful indicator of horizontal looking direction in a free looking situation where the head is only turned moderately from a straight ahead position.

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