Members of the order Coronatae are considered the basal group of Scyphozoa, containing approximately 60 species. Observation of life cycle is critical to unravel the systematics and taxonomy of the order. However, recent studies related only to the polyp stage were able to promote progress using solely morphological characters of the periderm tube. The lack of knowledge about the actual number of coronate species occurring in Brazil and their distribution along the coast is a factor that limits more advanced approaches to interpret the biogeography of these animals. Our goal was to identify and describe the Coronatae polyps from N, SE and S Brazil, taking into account the bathymetric and longitudinal distribution of species. Measurements of the periderm tube under light microscopy and the organization and morphology of the internal cusps observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy allowed the recognition of three morphotypes, recognized only at the genus level: two morphotypes of Nausithoe (eight and 16 cusps) and one form of Atorella.
The order Coronatae (Scyphozoa) includes six families, of which Nausithoidae Haeckel, 1880 is the most diverse with 26 species. Along the Brazilian coast, three species of the genus Nausithoe Kölliker, 1853 have been recorded: Nausithoe atlantica Broch, 1914, Nausithoe punctata Kölliker, 1853, and Nausithoe aurea Silveira & Morandini, 1997. Living polyps (n = 9) of an unidentified nausithoid were collected in September 2002 off Arraial do Cabo (Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil) at a depth of 227 m, and have been kept in culture since then. We compared these specimens with three species cultured in our laboratory: Nausithoe aurea (from Ilhabela, São Paulo, Brazil), Nausithoe maculata Jarms, 1990 (from Cuba and Puerto Rico), and Nausithoe werneri Jarms, 1990 (from the Atlantic Ocean off Morocco and from the Mediterranean Sea). The criteria used for comparison were: main aspects of the morphology, life cycle, and DNA sequences (18S, 28S, and COI). The results indicate that the unidentified polyps belong to N. werneri. Furthermore, N. aurea is considered a junior synonym of N. maculata.
Mayara e Max pela ajuda ao longo de todo o projeto e companheirismo. Aos técnicos de laboratório do Departamento de Zoologia da USP, Beatriz, Manuel, Sabrina, Phillip e Ênio, pelo indispensável auxílio na obtenção dos dados. Ao Dr. Allen G. Collins por me receber em seu laboratório no Museu Nacional de História Natural da Instituição Smithsonian (Washington, DC-EUA), além dos demais pesquisadores e funcionários do Smithsonian que me ajudaram durante minha estadia nos Estados Unidos. Aos meus amigos pelo suporte nos momentos de dificuldade e por me ajudarem a acreditar no meu potencial. À minha família pelo apoio durante todo meu percurso como pesquisadora; principalmente aos meus pais, Simone e Hélcio, por investirem na minha formação desde sempre, acreditando em mim e valorizando minhas escolhas profissionais. Ao meu namorado, Henrique, pelo companheirismo, cuidado e carinho (além de me acompanhar ao laboratório nos finais de semana e ajudar na filtragem da água do mar). À Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), pela concessão da bolsa (2017/04954-0) e da bolsa de estágio em pesquisa no exterior (BEPE-2018/11763-9). Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pela bolsa de auxílio à pesquisa concedida nos meses iniciais. E a todos que em algum momento me ajudaram, seja por troca de conhecimento, apoio ou incentivo.
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