Irrigation with saline water affects the agronomic performance of the maize crop; however, the use of vegetal mulch may mitigate salt stress and promote an increase in yield. In this way, this study aimed to evaluate the grain yield of the maize plants submitted to different water salinity levels in the presence and absence of mulch. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme. The first factor was the salinity of the irrigation water (1.0 and 4.0 dS m-1) and the second, with and without mulch, and five replicates. The variables analyzed were: unhusked ear mass, husked ear mass, cob mass, straw mass, husked ear diameter, husked ear length, and yield. The irrigation water with higher electrical conductivity affects negatively the ear mass with and without straw, ear diameter and ear length. The use of vegetation cover on the soil increased the unhusked ear mass with and without straw, ear diameter and length. The water with higher salinity (4.0 dS m-1) reduces the maize grain yield but with less intensity in the presence of mulch.
HIGHLIGHTS Salt water reduces gas exchange in the okra crop, but organomineral fertilization mitigates these effects. The use of organic and mineral fertilization is viable in okra crops under salt stress. Organic fertilizer (100% bovine biofertilizer) decreases internal CO2 concentration.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação com água de alta e baixa salinidade em diferentes turnos de rega e cobertura morta, na cultura do sorgo. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Unidade de Produção de Mudas Auroras (UPMA) da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), com o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, sendo dois níveis de condutividade elétrica (A1 -água de abastecimento 0,8 dS m -1 e A2solução salina 4,0 dS m -1 ), dois turnos de rega (T1 -turno de rega diário e T2turno de rega a cada 4 dias) e, dois tipos de cobertura (Cccom cobertura morta e Scsem cobertura). Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: área foliar (AF), diâmetro do caule (DC), altura da planta (AP), matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA), potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) e Condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação (CEes). A cobertura ajuda a minimizar os efeitos da irrigação com água de baixa e alta salinidade, para todas as variáveis analisadas. A água salina reduz o diâmetro do caule, mesmo na presença de cobertura morta. Os turnos de rega apresentam maiores valores de área foliar, altura de planta e diâmetro do caule, quando utilizados com cobertura morta.
Zucchini culture is slightly sensitive to salinity and is among the ten vegetables of highest economic value, with characteristics of precocity and easy cultivation. These characteristics are some of the reasons for the expansion of its cultivation among small producers. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different levels of salinity in the irrigation water and biofertilizer types on the initial growth of the zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) culture. The experiment was carried out in the full sunlight in a randomized block design, in a 5x2 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of a combination of five types of biofertilizers (quail, sheep, mixed, bovine, and crab) and two salinity levels of the irrigation water (0.8 and 2.5 dS m-1), with five replicates. At 30 days after transplanting, the following variables were evaluated: electrical conductivity of the substrate, plant height, number of leaves, roots length, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, dry mass of the aerial part, root dry mass, and total dry mass. Salt stress negatively interferes with the accumulation of zucchini plant biomass. Quail, bovine, and sheep biofertilizers are more efficient about plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. The sheep biofertilizer attenuates the salt stress for the dry mass of the aerial part, the root, and the total dry mass.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação com água de alta e baixa salinidade em plantas de tomate cultivadas em solo adubado com biofertilizante bovino. O experimento foi conduzido no período de março a abril de 2016, na área experimental da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com quatro repetições, referentes a cinco concentrações de biofertilizante: C1 = 20%, C2 = 40%, C3 = 60%, C4 = 80% e C5 = 100%e dois níveis de salinidade para a água de irrigação S1 = 0,8 dS m -1 (baixa salinidade) e S2 = 3,4 dS m -1 (alta salinidade). Foram analisadas a condutividade elétrica do solo (CEes) e o crescimento inicial das plantas utilizando-se as seguintes variáveis: altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, matéria seca da parte aérea, da raiz e matéria seca total. A irrigação com água de baixa salinidade foi mais eficiente para altura e biomassa das plantas. As concentrações de biofertilizante bovino influenciaram positivamente o crescimento inicial e a biomassa das plantas.
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