Predation on amphibians by spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) in the Neotropical region. Herein, we report observations about spider predation on anurans (adults and juveniles) in Central Amazonia and a literature review of spiders preying on amphibians in the Neotropical zoogeographic realm. We conducted field observations in Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, AM, and observed eight predation events on Bufonidae, Dendrobatidae, Hylidae, and Leptodactylidae frogs. The predators belong to the spider families Ctenidae, Pisauridae and Theraphosidae. Besides the families of spiders found in this study, two others-Lycosidae and Sparissidae-were found in literature. Frogs from families Centrolenidae and Microhylidae, and a caecilian (Gymnophiona, Caeciliidae) were found in literature also. There is a significant correlation between the length of the anuran (snout-vent length) and the length of spiders (cephalotorax and abdomen length). The size of the spider is similar or slightly lesser than the anuran prey. In general, the spiders preyed on adult and juvenile frogs in the breeding season. Spiders are opportunistic predators and prey on small frogs. Theraphosidae prey upon sub adults of large anurans and caecilians. As spiders can reach high densities on the forest floor-especially species of the genera Ctenus and Ancylometes-this interaction may be ecologically important for breeding anurans. Our reports and literature data provide evidence that spiders commonly prey on amphibians in Neotropic, but the impact of predation on populations of amphibians is unknown.

We studied temporal variation in adult size and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) of seven hunting spider species, Ctenus amphora, C. crulsi, C. manauara, C. villasboasi (Ctenidae), Phoneutria fera, P. reidyi (Ctenidae), and Ancylometes rufus (Pisauridae) in a tropical rainforest, and one species from a relatively open vegetation habitat, C. minor, in central Amazonia. Size variation was great within and among field trips. Spiders were generally smaller in October (end of dry season) when compared with other months: adults of C. amphora, C. crulsi and C.

Cryptocellus icamiabas sp. nov. is described from an adult male from Amazonas state, Brazil. The new species is a member of the Amazonian foedus group, and is closest to Cryptocellus abaporu Bonaldo & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2003, Cryptocellus becki Platnick, 1977, and Cryptocellus simonis Hansen & Sorensen, 1904. The distribution pattern and morphology of the foedus group are briefly discussed.

An updated catalogue of type specimens of Acari, Palpigradi, Pseudoscorpiones, Ricinulei and Schizomida deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, is presented. A total of 19 holotypes and 23 lots of paratypes of 22 species of Acari; three lots of paratypes of one species of Palpigradi; 28 holotypes and 209 lots of paratypes of 30 species of Pseudoscorpiones; two holotypes and two lots of paratypes of two species of Ricinulei; and five holotypes and two lots of paratypes of six species of Schizomida are listed. Scientific names are listed alphabetically by family, followed by bibliographic citation, type status, collection number, locality data, collector, and collecting date.

A catalogue of type specimens of Araneae, Opiliones and Scorpiones deposited in the Invertebrate Collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, is presented. There are 52 holotypes and 99 lots of paratypes for 68 species of Araneae; 6 holotypes and 18 lots of paratypes for 7 species of Opiliones; and 19 holotypes and 20 lots of paratypes for 19 species of Scorpiones.