Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are known to produce painful neuropathies and to enhance states of pain hypersensitivity produced by HIV-1 infection. It has also been observed that in some neuropathic pain models, chemokines and their receptors are upregulated, perhaps contributing to the pain state. In order to understand if chemokines are involved in NRTI-mediated sensory neuropathies, we treated rats with the anti-retroviral drug, 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine (ddC), which is known to produce an extended period of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Using in situ hybridization, we observed that under normal conditions, CXCR4 chemokine receptors were widely expressed by satellite glia in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and Schwann cells in the sciatic nerve. A limited number of DRG neurons also expressed CXCR4 receptors. The chemokine SDF-1/ CXCL12 was similarly expressed in glial cells in the DRG and peripheral nerve. Following a single administration of ddC, expression levels of CXCR4 mRNA in glia and neurons and SDF-1 mRNA in glia increased considerably. The functional nature of increased CXCR4 mRNA expression was confirmed by measuring SDF-1 induced [Ca2+]i increases in acutely isolated DRG neurons and glia. In contrast, the expression of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 did not change following ddC treatment. Pain hypersensitivity produced by ddC could be inhibited by treatment with the CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100. Hence, we postulate that NRTIs produce pain hypersensitivity through the upregulation of CXCR4 signaling in the DRG. Increased numbers of CXCR4 receptors would also explain the synergism observed between NRTI treatment and the proalgesic effects of HIV-1 infection.

This paper presents a corpus study on the role of gaze for overlap resolution in German and Dutch triadic interactions. The focus is on overlap due to a simultaneous start by two speakers with one speaker abandoning her TCU before reaching a point of completion. The gaze behaviours of all three participants in the conversations were recorded with mobile eye tracking glasses. The analysis of the eye tracking data reveals the following gaze patterns: speakers who prevail in the competition for the turn space use gaze aversion away from the competing speaker as both a turn-holding and turn-yielding strategy. Withdrawing speakers, in turn, maintain gaze at the co-speaker or direct their gaze at her during overlap. Third participants often single out the later prevailing speaker and either keep looking at her or shift gaze to her during the overlap phase.

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This special issue of Linguistik online is dedicated to the study of storytelling in face-to-face interaction. More specifically, the individual contributions to this special issue approach conversational storytelling from a multimodal perspective and provide analyses on the fine-grained coordination of verbal, para-verbal, and nonverbal action in face-to-face storytelling. This introduction first frames the individual contributions by providing an overview of the current topics and open research questions in the developing field of multimodal storytelling research. All individual papers are then briefly summarized and discussed in terms of their commonalities and their contribution to the developing field of multimodally-oriented research on conversational storytelling.