Environmentally unsustainable diets are often characterized by being high in calories, processed foods, and red meats, characteristics related to away-from-home food (AFHF). The aim of this study is to evaluate if AFHF consumption is related to environmental sustainability. Data of 20,780 adults from 24 h recalls collected in the 2017–2018 Brazilian National Dietary Survey (NDS) were used to estimate carbon footprint coefficients. The mean carbon footprint was estimated among individuals who consumed AFHF and non-consumers. Linear regression models were used to evaluate differences between away-from-home eating and the carbon footprint of the diet, adjusting for age and income. A total of 41% of Brazilians consumed AFHF during the previous day. The mean carbon footprint from foods consumed away from home represented 18% of the total carbon footprint. AFHF was positively associated with increased total carbon footprint (β: 204.1; p-value: 0.0145). In conclusion, the consumption of foods away from home in urban areas of Brazil was associated with atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions independently of age and income. Away-from-home food consumption should be considered to reinforce the influence of diet on individual and planet health.

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This study aimed to evaluate the association between the eating patterns and the pre gestational obesity in pregnant women from Fortaleza, Ceará. The method used was a cross-sectional study with 401 pregnant women between 19 and 45 years old, treated in a hospital that is a reference in the care of risk pregnancy and in eight health units in Fortaleza, Ceará. Food consumption was investigated using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and the eating patterns were identified using factor analysis for main components, followed by Varimax orthogonal rotation. Obesity was measured according to the body mass index (BMI). Poisson Regression with robust estimation of variance was used to estimate the prevalence ratio of eating patterns in relation to pre gestational obesity, adjusted by sociodemographic variables. Four main eating patterns were identified: “healthy cearense”, “rich in protein”, “snacks” and “popular”. A higher adherence to the “healthy cearense” pattern was associated to a higher prevalence of pre gestational obesity (PR: 1,33; CI 95% 1,01-1,77), the greater adherence to the “popular” pattern was related to the lower prevalence of pre-pregnancy obesity (PR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.51-0.92). It was concluded that there are four main food consumption patterns in the pregnant women from Fortaleza that were studied and the associations between the “healthy cearense” and “popular” patterns and pre gestational obesity were shown.

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