Ground-water monitoring regulations on the state and Federal level establish general performance standards for the construction of monitoring wells. Of the many drilling techniques available for the construction of monitoring and observation wells, dry techniques are recognized as superior at sites of contamination. The dry technique of modified reverse-circulation air rotary drilling (RARD) is viable and a more advantageous alternative than many traditional techniques. It requires no liquid drilling fluids or muds, and therefore no foreign fluids are added to the aquifer. Furthermore, composite soil and water samples are collected during installation specifically and exclusively from the bit depth and are uncontaminated by drilling fluids. The method utilizes compressed air to clear the borehole and a tube within a tube drill pipe system to maintain the borehole. This allows the well assembly, filter pack, and borehole sealant to be properly placed thereby satisfying the strictest regulatory requirements for short and long-term monitoring. The method accommodates various field testing such as the measurement of in situ hydraulic conductivity and the collection of soil cores. To insure proper construction of monitoring wells, procedures and material requirements must be designed and fully specified.
Abstract-A low cost prototype of an ambulatory assistant wheelchair designed for patients with lower limb weakness is proposed. The device has similar functions as a motorized wheelchair powered by battery. However, passive leg exercise function is available to assist lower limb therapy. The walking aid is integrated with an auto-brake mode, similar to a roller walker. The feature Android Remote Controller Add-ons is an application of Android platform device which assists patients to drive and park the wheelchair beside their stationary chair, bed, or make other indoor transport. Besides that, motility with Kinect is also another add-on system, which assists physicians to monitor the progress of patients in his rehabilitation program.Index Terms-Android, kinect, patient rehabilitation, wheelchair, lower limb assist. I. INTRODUCTIONThe undesirable abnormal gait can be caused by various problems to the lower limbs, such as medical conditions, accidental injuries, and natural aging process. People with lower limb weakness rely solely on their upper body to lead a normal daily life. Wheelchairs are the most effective equipment used to regain their mobility. For rehabilitation, physiotherapy is often needed to regain control of the body in balancing, coordination, walking, and general mobility.Varieties equipment exists in the market to assist the disabled and elderly individual. Wheelchairs are widely used by patients with a lower limb problem to regain their mobility, because they are generally cheaper and lighter than power wheelchair. A hybrid wheelchair is developed by Rahulanker and Ramanarayanan, named battery assisted wheelchair, which can be used to switch between manual and electric wheelchair [1]. Some studies show that the integration of speech system to the motorized wheelchair will assist the handicapped users [2], [3]. However, patients are still required to undergo therapy and exercise. Patients with lower limb problems have difficulty in walking and not every patient can afford to have an exercise equipment at home. Thus, these patients need to go to a rehab or therapy center to do their exercises.A new type of wheelchair has been developed, which is known as cycling wheelchair, and it has a pedal-driven system similar to a bicycle [4] uses leg pedal force to move the wheelchair and do not require FES [5]. Hwang et al. [6] developed a wheelchair integrated with lower limb exercise to assist the disabled.On the other hand, Chang et al. [7] developed an indoor system named kinect-based powered wheelchair control system, so that the patients can command the motorized wheelchair to move towards their position when needed. The wheelchair will move back to the parking location when not needed. Thus, a good system will help to improve the quality of life of the handicapped or elderly. Sim et al.[8] developed a prototype of a walking assist device that reduces the force subjected to the knee.This study introduces a low cost prototype of a wheelchair named ambulatory assistant wheelchair as shown in Fig. 1. ...
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