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Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of bone cancer, especially in young. Telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TO) is a rare variant of OS, and hence, its occurrence, presentation, and prognosis are poorly understood. A 4-year-old female rhesus monkey presenting lameness and swelling was examined for a mass on the right humerus. Radiography revealed fracture and disorganized structure of bone tissue. Histopathological examination revealed malignant neoplasm composed of anaplastic osteoblasts, which invaded the bone marrow and surrounded blood-filled cysts in the epiphysis and diaphysis forming septa. Cytogenetic analysis showed aneuploid cells, supernumerary AgNORs, and a marker fragment. The neoplasm was diagnosed as TO. To our knowledge, the occurrence of TO and its cytogenetic analysis were reported for the first time in non-human primates.

Herein we present the pathological findings of different tuberculosis stages in Old and New World monkeys kept under human care in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and naturally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. Fifteen nonhuman primates from five different colonies were incorporated into the study. There are 60% (9/15) Old World Monkeys and 40% (6/15) New World Monkeys. According to the gross and histopathologic findings, the lesions in nonhuman primates of this study are classified into the chronic-active, extrapulmonary, early-activation or latent-reactivation tuberculosis stage. Among the Old World Monkey, 66.7% (6/9) of nonhuman primates, all rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), showed severe granulomatous pneumonia. In all Old World Monkeys cases, typical granulomas were seen in at least one organ regardless of the stage of the disease. In the New World Monkeys, the typical pulmonary granulomas were seen in 16.7% (1/6) of the cases, just in the latent-reactivation stage in Uta Hick’s Bearded Saki (Chiropotes utahickae). In this study, 66.7% (6/9) of Old World Monkeys (OWM) and 83.3% (5/6) of New World Monkeys (NWM) showed pulmonary changes at the histological evaluation. The tuberculosis diagnosis in the nonhuman primates in this study was based on pathological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and bacteriological culture. Although the typical presentation was observed in some cases, the absence of pulmonary granuloma did not exclude the tuberculosis occurrence in nonhuman primates of the Old and New World. Tuberculosis should be included as a cause of interstitial pneumonia with foamy macrophages infiltration in the New World nonhuman primates. Due to the high sensitivity of immunohistochemistry with Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we suggest the addition of this technique as a diagnostic tool of tuberculosis in the nonhuman primates even when the typical changes are not seen.

Vitiligo affects a significant portion of human and animal populations. The disease causes irregular and multifocal progressive loss of fur, skin, and mucous membrane pigmentation due to the loss or absence of melanocytes. While etiopathogenesis is not completely understood, autoimmunity, environmental, and genetic factors are implicated We present a case report on a 16-y-old female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) with depigmented areas that are progressively increasing on the skin and coat and are distributed on the head and back. Histopathology revealed alterations compatible with vitiligo characterized by the absence of melanocytes in the epidermis and dermis. The clinical history and complementary exams support this diagnosis.