Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, a digestibilidade das dietas, a retenção corporal de nutrientes e o desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal de pintos de corte de 1 a 8 dias de idade, alimentados com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de levedura de cana-de-açúcar. Utilizou-se 300 pintos de corte, com um dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, composto de cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de 10 aves. Os tratamentos consistiram de níveis crescentes de 0; 1,25; 2,5; 3,75 e 5,0% de inclusão de levedura. Não houve efeito da levedura sobre o desempenho zootécnico. Houve redução no coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da energia bruta, na energia metabolizável aparente e a aparente corrigida com os níveis crescentes. O nível de 2,09% promoveu menor retenção corporal de proteína bruta, enquanto a retenção de gordura foi linear crescente. A altura de vilos e relação vilo:cripta do jejuno aumentou linearmente, a profundidade das criptas do íleo apresentaram menor profundidade no nível de 2,40% de levedura. A inclusão da levedura de cana-de-açúcar até 5% em dietas de pintos na fase pré-inicial não afeta o desempenho zootécnico, proporciona melhor desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal; entretanto, reduz a energia metabolizável das dietas e aumenta a retenção de gordura corporal. Palavras-chave: avaliação nutricional, frango de corte, vilosidades intestinais, retenção de nutrientes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ABSTRACT. Performance, digestibility, body composition and gut morphology of broiler chicks fed diets containing yeast cane sugar. The objective was to evaluate the performance, digestibility of diets, body retention of nutrients and the development of intestinal mucosa of post hatching broilers, of one up to eight day old, fed diets containing different levels of sugar cane yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). It was used 300 one day old chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 10 birds. The treatments consisted of increasing levels of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0% inclusion of yeast. No effect of yeast on performance. There was a reduction in the coefficients of apparent metabolizable of gross energy, apparent metabolizable energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance with increasing levels. The level of 2.09% results in lower retention of body protein, while the retention of fat was increased linearly. The height of villus and villous height:crypt depth ratio of the jejunum was increased linearly, and the depths of crypts of the ileum had lower depth level of 2.40% yeast. The inclusion of yeast cane sugar levels up to 5% in diets for broiler in the post hatching doesn't affect the performance and provides better development of the intestinal mucosa in the jejunum, however reduces metabolizable energy of diets and increases greater retention of body fat.

The objective of this study was to develop a specific equation for the conversion of pressure values (psi) to volume (ml) for the Laboratory of Bromatology of the Federal University of Western Pará. To this end, the ruminal fermentation kinetics of regional feedstuffs were evaluated using the semi-automatic technique of in-vitro gas production. To set up the targeted equation, samples of ground corn, soybean meal, rice bran, Mombasa grass, cupuassu pie, cassava residues, and banana leaves were incubated and the pressure and volumes of the gases produced during the fermentation process were measured at predetermined times and related. These data on the volume of produced gases were used to determine, by applying the bi-compartmental logistic model, the ruminal fermentation kinetics parameters. The equation found for the laboratory was V = 0.3757P2 + 1.5972P + 0.2189. Ground corn and cassava residue showed a higher degradation rate of non-fibrous carbohydrates (0.120 and 0.163 %/h respectively) and higher final gas volume (228.91 and 273.17 ml/g of DM, respectively). As for the degradation rate of fibrous carbohydrates, ground corn (0.023 %/h), rice bran (0.023 %/h), and cassava residue (0.021 %/h) presented the highest degradation rate. Thus, a specific equation to be used at the Laboratory of Bromatology of the Federal University of Western Pará was identified, according to the method applied and the altitude of the premises. Ruminal fermentation kinetics of cassava residue and rice bran showed the same parameters as corn, which may suggest the possibility of replacing corn in the diet of ruminant animals.

A maior parte dos ingredientes destinados a alimentação de animais não ruminantes se constituem de origem vegetal e podem conter, em sua composição, níveis variáveis de polissacarídeos não amiláceos (PNAs). Estes são conhecidos por comprometerem, a depender dos níveis de inclusão do ingrediente, concentrações e tipos nos alimentos, o desempenho e a saúde intestinal de suínos e aves. As carboidrases são enzimas que degradam carboidratos e tem sido utilizada como alternativas para melhorias no aproveitamento de fontes alimentares que contenham grandes quantidades de PNAs, com resultados positivos sobre aproveitamento energético da dieta e diminuindo os efeitos negativos desses compostos. Celulases, xilanases, betaglucases, amilases, galactosidades, dentre outras tem sido suplementadas nas rações desses animais e têm mostrado serem afetivas em melhorar as características morfométricas, estado imunológico e microbiano do intestino, com impactos positivos sobre a saúde intestinal e desempenho. Logo, estre trabalho teve por objetivo revisar os efeitos da utilização e enzimas carboidrases na dieta de aves e seus efeitos sobre a saúde intestinal.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of powder cinnamon in the diet of Japanese quails, regarding their performance and egg quality. A total of 360 quails, 18 weeks old, were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates of 12 animals. The experimental period lasted 84 days. The treatments were the inclusion of 0; 3.0; 6.0; 9.0 and 12.0 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder in the diet. The performance and quality of eggs produced were evaluated. A sensorial analysis of the eggs was carried out to evaluate the color of the egg yolk, the taste of the egg and the purchase intention. There was no significant effect on the performance and egg quality variables, except for the specific gravity and color of the yolk, which increased linearly. The evaluators presented a higher intention to purchase eggs from the treatment with 6g kg-1 of cinnamon addition in the diet. We concluded that the inclusion of 12.0 g kg-1 of cinnamon powder in the diet for laying quail does not affect the performance and the taste of the eggs, nevertheless, this level of inclusion provides an improvement in the specific gravity and color of the yolk.

Farelo de glúten de milho na alimentação de frangas de corte de crescimento lento RESUMOEsta pesquisa foi desenvolvida para avaliar o efeito da inclusão de farelo de glúten de milho (FGM21) sobre o desempenho de frangas de corte caipira nas fases de crescimento (32 a 63 dias) e total (32 a 84 dias). Utilizaramse 240 frangas de linhagem de crescimento lento, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições de 15 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de dietas com inclusão de 0, 7, 14 e 21% de FGM21. As aves foram alojadas em sistema de criação semiintensivo. Na fase de crescimento, o desempenho zootécnico não foi influenciado pela inclusão de FGM21, porém no período total a conversão alimentar foi melhor com a inclusão de 9,8% de FGM21. O máximo ganho de peso no período total foi obtido com 9,05% de inclusão. Na avaliação de carcaça, as variáveis afetadas pelos níveis de inclusão foram peso e rendimento do fígado, peso da coxa, rendimento da sobrecoxa e rendimento de gordura abdominal, apresentando seus pontos de máximo valor nos níveis de: 9,64; 8,60; 11,65; 13,65 e 10,75%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o FGM21 pode ser adicionado nas rações de frangas de corte de crescimento lento até níveis de 10% a partir da fase de crescimento. Palavras-chave: alimento alternativo, desempenho zootécnico, frango caipira, rendimento de carcaça Corn gluten meal in slow growth broiler diet ABSTRACTThis study was developed to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of corn gluten meal (CGM21) in diets of free range chickens during the period of growth (32 to 63 days) and total (32 to 84 days), on performance. A total of 240 free range broiler chickens was used in completely randomized design, with four treatments and four replicates of 15 birds each. Treatments consisted of diets with inclusion of 0, 7, 14 and 21% of CGM21. The birds were housed in a semi-intensive system. In the growth phase, the performance of birds was not influenced by the inclusion of CGM21, but in the total period the feed conversion was improved with the inclusion of 9.8% CGM21. The maximum weight gain during the total period was obtained with 9.05% inclusion. Upon carcass evaluation, the variables affected by the level of inclusion of CGM21 were found to be the weight and yield of the liver, thigh weight, drumstick yield and abdominal fat yield, presenting maximum values at the levels: 9. 64, 8.60, 11.65, 13.65 and 10.75%, respectively. In conclusion, it is found that CGM21 can be added to slow growth broiler diet up to levels of 10%, starting from the growth phase.