We study the asymptotic stability of a two-dimensional mean-field equation, which takes the form of a nonlocal transport equation and generalizes the time-elapsed neuron network model by the inclusion of a leaky memory variable. This additional variable can represent a slow fatigue mechanism, like spike frequency adaptation or short-term synaptic depression. Even though two-dimensional models are known to have emergent behaviors, like population bursts, which are not observed in standard one-dimensional models, we show that in the weak connectivity regime, two-dimensional models behave like one-dimensional models, i.e. they relax to a unique stationary state.The proof is based on an application of Harris' ergodic theorem and a perturbation argument, adapted to the case of a multidimensional equation with delays.

We study the asymptotic stability of a two-dimensional mean-field equation, which takes the form of a nonlocal transport equation and generalizes the time-elapsed neuron network model by the inclusion of a leaky memory variable. This additional variable can represent a slow fatigue mechanism, such as spike-frequency adaptation or short-term synaptic depression. Even though two-dimensional models are known to have emergent behaviors, such as population bursts, which are not observed in standard one-dimensional models, we show that in the weak connectivity regime, two-dimensional models behave like one-dimensional models, i.e., they relax to a unique stationary state. The proof is based on an application of Harris's ergodic theorem and a perturbation argument, both adapted to the case of a multidimensional equation with delays.

ResumoIntrodução: Uma alimentação variada e energeticamente adequada é capaz de proporcionar quantidades apropriadas de todos os nutrientes essenciais. Porém, são muitos os desportistas que ingerem suplementos nutricionais, sem a orientação de um profissional de saúde e sem o conhecimento exato dos seus possíveis benefícios. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a prevalência e os tipos de suplementos nutricionais consumidos pelos desportistas, e compreender quais as principais fontes de indicação e motivos para o uso de suplementos nutricionais. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Pubmed e Web of Science. Neste contexto, foram incluídas todas as publicações disponíveis entre janeiro de 2007 e fevereiro de 2018 que cumpriam os critérios de inclusão sendo selecionados 14 artigos de um total de 1054. Resultados: A prevalência do uso de suplementos variou de 13,3% a 100%, constatando-se que nos artigos que incluíam apenas atletas profissionais a prevalência de consumo de suplementos nutricionais variou de 46,2% a 90,9%. Em relação aos suplementos mais consumidos destacaramse os suplementos proteicos, aminoácidos, vitaminas e minerais. Constatou-se, ainda, que os desportistas procuram informações sobre o seu consumo com nutricionistas, amigos, treinador e personal trainer, sendo que alguns recorrem à autoprescrição. Os principais motivos da sua ingestão relacionaram-se com o melhor desempenho desportivo e manutenção da saúde. Conclusão: Os dados revelaram um amplo intervalo de variação na utilização de suplementos pelos desportistas. Por isso, considera-se imperativo promover programas de educação nutricional para desportistas, enfatizando a mensagem sobre os riscos e benefícios associados ao consumo de suplementos nutricionais, assim como as vantagens associadas a uma alimentação saudável e equilibrada.

Progress in immunotherapy revolutionized the treatment landscape for advanced lung cancer, raising survival expectations beyond those that were historically anticipated with this disease. In the present study, we describe the methods for the adjustment of mixture parametric models of two populations for survival analysis in the presence of long survivors. A methodology is proposed in several five steps: first, it is proposed to use the multimodality test to decide the number of subpopulations to be considered in the model, second to adjust simple parametric survival models and mixture distribution models, to estimate the parameters and to select the best model fitted the data, finally, to test the hypotheses to compare the effectiveness of immunotherapies in the context of randomized clinical trials. The methodology is illustrated with data from a clinical trial that evaluates the effectiveness of the therapeutic vaccine CIMAvaxEGF vs the best supportive care for the treatment of advanced lung cancer. The mixture survival model allows estimating the presence of a subpopulation of long survivors that is 44% for vaccinated patients. The differences between the treated and control group were significant in both subpopulations (population of shortterm survival: p = 0.001, the population of long-term survival: p = 0.0002). For cancer therapies, where a proportion of patients achieves long-term control of the disease, the heterogeneity of the population must be taken into account. Mixture parametric models may be more suitable to detect the effectiveness of immunotherapies compared to standard models. KEY WORDS:Survival mixture parametric models, long-term survival, lung cancer, immunotherapy.