Fine structural studies were conducted on the gills of the shore crab Carcinus mediterraneus using scanning electron microscopic techniques. The results obtained show the structural organization of crab gills from whole gills including spiny elements over the 150 lameUae to lamellar components such as cuticles, median shaft, marginal canal, afferent and efferent lameltar vessels and hemolymph cells. Enormous surface enlargement is accomplished by a variety of structural elements which allow rapid circulation of hemolymph. In the form of a relatively small organ, the gills fulfill all the necessary exchanges of specific molecules between the crab and its environment. Aggregations of ca 1-~tm particles covering the outer cuticular surfaces are considered to be bacterial colonies of unknown properties and functions.

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 RESUMOAvaliaram-se as características quantitativas e qualitativas do sêmen de coelhos alimentados com uma ração referência e outra ração formulada com 79,83% de subprodutos de mandioca. Utilizaram-se 20 reprodutores da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, com idade média inicial de sete meses, alojados individualmente em gaiolas e distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com duas dietas e dez repetições. Realizaram-se dez colheitas de sêmen por animal durante seis meses. Avaliaramse o volume de sêmen sem gel e volume de gel, cor do sêmen, pH, motilidade espermática progressiva, vigor espermático, concentração espermática, número de espermatozoides no ejaculado, espermatozoides normais, anormais e anormalidades primárias e secundárias. O volume de sêmen sem gel, o índice de normalidade, as anormalidades primárias e secundárias foram iguais (P>0,05) para os animais alimentados com a ração referência e a com subprodutos de mandioca. Os demais parâmetros do sêmen foram melhores (P<0,05) nos animais tratados com a ração com subprodutos de mandioca. Os resultados das características quali-quantitativas do sêmen dos coelhos da Raça Nova Zelândia Branco demonstram que é possível utilizar ração com 79,83% do volume da formulação com subprodutos de mandioca, na dieta de reprodutores, sem prejuízos nas características do sêmen, desde que observados os níveis reduzidos de taninos e ácido cianídrico.Palavras-chave: farinha de varredura de mandioca, feno do terço superior da rama de mandioca, reprodução ABSTRACT

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The objective was to evaluate an organic acid blend supplied via water and feed to control the spread of Salmonella Heidelberg in broilers from 1-31 days of age. The design was a complete randomized block with five treatments and five replicates, 25 experimental units (13 birds per unit, density of 13 birds/m2). 325 one day old female chicks were randomly arranged in five treatments: T1 - Negative Control (no acids + 0,5 ml of physiological solution in water); T2 - Positive control (no acids + 0,5 ml of Salmonella Heidelberg (1.206  CFU) in water); T3 - Via Acid water (inoculation of 0,5 ml of Salmonella Heidelberg (1.206 CFU) in water); T4 - Infeed Acid (inoculation of 0,5 ml of Salmonella Heidelberg (1.206 CFU) in feed); T5 - Acid via water and feed (inoculation of 0,5 ml of Salmonella Heidelberg (1.206   CFU)). The results were analyzed using Bayesian comparisons with 5% of significance and a priori beta distribution. Significant effects of treatments were found on feed conversion at 21, 28 and 31 days, treatment T3 had the best results. Regarding live weight, significant effects at 14, 21, 28 and 31 days were observed in T3, greater than others. The blend of organic acids has shown its numerical effectiveness in reducing the incidence of Salmonella Heidelberg among the treated groups in intestines pool at nine days, drag swab at 16 days and in wattle collection at 31 days. There were no significant differences between the treated groups and control groups.