Zusammenfassung: Das NCCN Distress-Thermometer ist ein vom National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) entwickeltes Screeninginstrument zur Erfassung psychosozialer Belastungen bei onkologischen Patienten. Es besteht aus einer Skala von 0 bis 10 und einer Problemliste als Überweisungsschema zu entsprechenden professionellen Diensten. International wird ein Cut-off-Wert von 5 als Signal empfohlen, dass ein Patient auffällig belastet ist und Unterstützung benötigt. Die deutsche Adaptation erfolgte an einer Stichprobe von n = 475 Krebspatienten in der onkologischen Rehabilitation. Zur Validierung wurde die Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D) und die Kurzform des Fragebogens zur Progredienzangst (PA-F 12) eingesetzt. Die Diskriminationsfähigkeit des Distress-Thermometers ist besonders zur Identifikation einer hohen Belastung (HADS Cut-off > 11) mit AUC-Werten von 0.71 bis 0.76 gut. Bei einem Cut-off-Wert von 5 im Distress-Thermometer zeigen sich bei moderater Belastung in den Merkmalen Angst und/oder Depressivität (HADS Cut-off > 8) eine Sensitivität bis 84 % und eine deutlich niedrigere Spezifität von bis zu 47 %. Bei einem HADS Cut-off > 11 und einem Cut-off-Wert von 5 im Distress-Thermometer liegen die Sensitivitätswerte bei bis zu 97 % und die Spezifitätswerte bei 41 %. Die Spezifität des Instruments ist in der deutschen Stichprobe niedriger als die in internationalen Studien gefundenen Werte, die Sensitivität ist entsprechend höher. Das NCCN Distress-Thermometer stellt aufgrund seiner hohen Akzeptanz, seiner Kürze und guten Praktikabilität im klinischen Alltag ein Screeninginstrument dar, das für den weiteren Einsatz in der onkologischen Versorgung empfohlen werden kann.
Results provide further evidence that the DS is a valid and reliable instrument of high clinical relevance in patients with advanced cancer.
The comparison of psychosocial needs across different cultural settings can identify cultural and service impacts on psychosocial outcomes. We compare psychosocial needs in Hong Kong Chinese and German Caucasian women with breast cancer. Completed questionnaires were collected from 348 Chinese and 292 German women with breast cancer for assessing unmet psychosocial needs (Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form), psychological distress (the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale), and listed physical and psychological symptoms. Only 11% of the participants reported not needing help for any of the 34 items. More German (14%) than Chinese women (8%) reported no unmet needs (χ(2) = 6.16, P = .013). With both samples combined, the Health System and Information domain unmet needs were the most prevalent, apart from one Psychological need domain item, "Fear about the cancer spreading." Chinese and German samples differed significantly in prevalence and patterns of unmet psychosocial needs. Multivariate adjustment for demographic, clinical, and sample characteristics, psychological distress, and symptoms showed that significantly greater unmet Health system and Information, and Patient care and support domain needs, associated with the presence of symptoms (β = .232, P < .001), high HADS Anxiety (β = .187, P < .001), higher education attainment (β = .120, P = .002), and Chinese sample membership (β = .280, P < .001). Greater unmet Psychological, Physical and Daily Living, and Sexuality domain needs were associated with the presence of symptoms, psychological distress, and German group membership, among others. German women reported more anxiety (t = 10.45, P < .001) and depression (t = 3.71, P < .001). In post hoc analyses, German, but not Chinese women reporting greater anxiety and depression had greater unmet Psychological and Sexuality domain needs (P < .001). It can be concluded that culture-specific differences in supportive care needs exist. Hong Kong Chinese women prioritize needs for information about their disease and treatment, whereas German Caucasian women prioritize physical and psychological support. Planning for cancer supportive care services or interventions to reduce unmet needs must consider cultural and/or health service contexts.
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