Changes in the electrical conductance of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) are used to perform quantitative analyses of biologically-relevant molecules such as DNA, proteins, ions and small molecules.

All-organic-based photovoltaic solar cells have attracted considerable attention because of their low-cost processing and short energy payback time. In such systems the primary dissociation of an optical excitation into a pair of photocarriers has been recently shown to be extremely rapid and efficient, but the physical reason for this remains unclear. Here, two-dimensional photocurrent excitation spectroscopy, a novel non-linear optical spectroscopy, is used to probe the ultrafast coherent decay of photoexcitations into charge-producing states in a polymer:fullerene based solar cell. The two-dimensional photocurrent spectra are interpreted by introducing a theoretical model for the description of the coupling of the electronic states of the system to an external environment and to the applied laser fields. The experimental data show no cross-peaks in the twodimensional photocurrent spectra, as predicted by the model for coherence times between the exciton and the photocurrent producing states of 20 fs or less.

Grégoire, P.; Vella, E.; Dyson, M.J.; Bazán, C.M.; Leonelli, R.; Stingelin, N.; Stavrinou, P.N.; Bittner, E.R.; Silva, C.