Resumen El cultivo de la papa se ve afectado por una gran cantidad de patógenos que disminuyen su calidad y productividad. Uno de los métodos de control de estos fitopatógenos es mediante el uso de microorganismos antagonistas, en especial aquellos que se aíslan de la comunidad microbiana presente en la rizósfera. En este trabajo, se aislaron 49 cepas de actinomicetos y se evaluaron sus capacidades antagonistas frente a fitopatógenos que afectan a Solanum tuberosum. El 26.5% presentó capacidad antagónica frente a Pectobacterium carotovorum, el 69.4% a Fusarium sp., el 44.9% a Lasiodiplodia sp., el 55.1% a Rhizoctonia solani y el 46.9% a Phytophthora infestans. Cultivos de dos actinomicetos seleccionados (AND 12 y AND 24) fueron tratados con acetato de etilo, diclorometano, hexano y butanol, cuyos extractos crudos mostraron actividad antimicrobiana, siendo el extracto obtenido con acetato de etilo el más importante por presentar mayor espectro de actividad inhibitoria. Las cepas seleccionadas se identificaron por análisis filogenético del gen del ARNr 16S como miembros del género Streptomyces. Los actinomicetos rizosféricos, por su probada capacidad antagonista demostrada en el presente estudio, podrían ser considerados como potenciales candidatos a ser utilizados en programas de control de patógenos que afectan a la papa. Palabras clave: Streptomyces, microorganismos de suelo, patógenos de la papa, compuestos bioactivos, antagonismo.
As part of the rhizosphere microbiota, actinomycetes interact with their host by releasing metabolites that positively influence their host' growth. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the plant growth-promoting capacity of actinomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of potato crops collected in the city of San Jeronimo, Andahuaylas, Peru. Forty-nine actinomycetes strains were isolated and screened for their capacity to solubilize phosphates, fix atmospheric nitrogen, produce indole acetic acid (IAA) and produce siderophores. Out of the total number of isolates, 33 (63.27%) solubilized phosphates, 42 (87.72%) fixed atmospheric nitrogen, 10 (20.41%) produced IAA and 18 (24.49%) were siderophore producers; strains AND 13 and AND 16 being the top performers. AND 13 was identified by 16S RNAr gene amplification as Streptomyces sp. The results indicate that actinomycetes can be considered as potential PGPR organisms and could be included in biofertilization programs of potato crops as an alternative to agrochemicals.
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