Arteriovenous (AV) fistula cannulation plays a key role in the management of dialysis sessions, and is crucial for the reinforcement of the patient-to-staff relationship. Compliant patients prefer the buttonhole technique (BH); however, this “funnel” shows a high risk of infections. It is like a short catheter and, therefore, carries an increased risk of infectious complications. The BH cannulation should therefore be considered as a part of the complex planning of VA utilization, including rope-ladder cannulation as the standard of care, and should be reserved to selected patients. Also, prostheses cannulation should be taught and practiced in order to reduce the use of central venous catheters (CVC). In addition, cannulation should be considered as a part of the complete managing process of VA, together with the phases of creation, monitoring, and repair of the vascular access. The dialysis nurse must be considered both as the primary caregiver and the manager of this life-warranting pipeline.
La puntura della fistola arterovenosa (FAV) riveste un notevole valore clinico e simbolico nell’alleanza terapeutica fra paziente e personale di dialisi. In tal senso, la puntura buttonhole (BH) dovrebbe essere vista come un elemento addizionale del ben più complesso sistema di gestione dell’accesso vascolare, insieme alla puntura a scalare, che rimane lo standard di incannulamento della FAV. La BH offre vantaggi estetici e di comfort, oltre a rafforzare l’autonomia del paziente, ma comporta un aumentato rischio infettivo anche grave. Come scrive Napoli, la BH assomiglia pericolosamente, con la sua forma a imbuto, a un piccolo catetere. Ci sembra, quindi, opportuno riservare la BH a pazienti selezionati. L’infermiere di dialisi, manager del sistema di utilizzo degli accessi vascolari (AV), dovrebbe recuperare le competenze sulla puntura delle protesi vascolari e presidiare per intero il percorso degli AV, dalla confezione al monitoraggio e alla manutenzione.
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