O presente trabalho foi conduzido para avaliar o potencial de produção de biogás de dejetos de suínos, especificamente a produção de metano. O substrato, no qual a concentração de sólidos totais foi de 6%, foi composto por dejeto sólido diluído em água. Os dejetos foram coletados por raspagem, em instalações de terminação de suínos, compostas de baias, com paredes de alvenaria de tijolos e piso de cimento. Os suínos experimentais receberam ração balanceada à base de milho e soja. O sistema de tratamento, em escala laboratorial, foi composto por três baterias com oito biodigestores em cada, instalados dentro de caixas de cimento amianto de 500 litros, contendo 270 litros de água aquecida. Em cada caixa, uma resistência elétrica e uma bomba d'água foram instaladas para manter a temperatura e misturar a água aquecida. O sistema foi submetido a Tempos de Retenção Hidráulica (TRH) de 30, 25, 15 e 10 dias e a temperaturas de 25, 35 e 40 ºC, com e sem agitação do substrato. Foi avaliado, nessas condições, o processo de degradação da matéria orgânica e a produção resultante de metano (PM). Os maiores valores de PM foram observados nos TRH de 10 dias, à temperatura de 40 ºC, nos biodigestores com agitação do substrato.
R ESU M OA adoção das práticas de bem-estar durante o processo de criação animal tem ganhado maiores espaços devido à comprovada melhora na produção. Hoje, a condição de bem-estar pode ser estendida também para o humano que, tendo boas condições de trabalho acaba, assim, por refletir em um manejo de sucesso dos animais. Buscando atender a essa nova tendência do mercado objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar as condições ergonômicas e a salubridade do ambiente de galpões de frangos de corte equipados com três diferentes sistemas de ventilação mínima (positiva, negativa e natural) no que se refere à saúde do trabalhador. Com base nos efeitos dos sistemas de ventilação mínima avaliou-se carga física de trabalho, qualidade do ar, ambiente térmico, nível de ruído e iluminação, além da análise postural e biomecânica. De posse dos dados analisados verificou-se que o galpão equipado com sistema de ventilação positiva possuía um ambiente de maior salubridade para o trabalhador. Independente do sistema de ventilação utilizado, atividades como abastecimento manual do comedouro, limpeza de bebedouros e revolvimento da cama, podem oferecer riscos de lesão corporal em virtude da forma como são executados. Palavras-chave: avicultura, ergonomia, ventilação mínimaErgonomic conditions of workers in poultry houses during the heating phase A B ST R A C T The adoption of the practices of well-being in animal husbandry has gained increased space due to proven improvement in production. Today, the condition of well being, may be extended to the human beings, that having good working conditions may reflect in a successful management of animals. Seeking to meet this new market trend, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ergonomic conditions of the environment and health in broiler sheds, equipped with three different minimal ventilation systems (positive, negative and natural) regarding workers' health. Associated with the effects of minimum ventilation systems evaluated the physical load of work, air quality, thermal environment, noise level and lighting besides postural and biomechanical analysis. After the data analysis, it was found that the shed equipped with positive ventilation system had an environment favorable for workers' health. Regardless of the ventilation system used, activities such as manual supply of feeder, cleaning of drinking water system and turning of the bed, may present risks of injury depending on how these activities are executed.
The poultry litter keeps the birds comfortable and absorbs the humidity generated in the environment, reducing the feet injuries. Then, its quality is essential. The objective for carrying out the present study was to evaluate the quality of the coffee husk poultry litter, treated with chemical additives, based on its humidity, N-ammonia, pH and bacteria total counting. The experiment was carried out in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, in a coffee producer region. It were used three facilities, in which it were placed circular boxes, each of them divided in seven parts, 2 m2 each one, where it were put the different types of poultry litter, being these the seven treatments: sawdust and coffee husks litter, being this last, new and untreated or treated with different additives and reused. Twenty-two chicks were distributed in each treatment (154 birds per facility, 11 birds m-2). Litter samples were collected at 7, 21 and 42 days of birds age. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, subdivided plots. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The hydrated lime increased the pH in the initial phase (7 days) and decreased the moisture of the reused litter, compared to the new one. The gypsum reduced the pH of the litter at the end of the second phase. The N-ammonia content of the reused litter, without treatment, was superior compared to the new one, untreated and treated with lime. There was no effect on the standard counting of bacteria and on the surface temperature of the litter. Then, the use of chemical additives in the poultry litter constitutes a good strategy to control its quality, as well as the environmental conditions to produce poultry meat.
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