It is widely accepted that disparities in education contribute to the poor labour market outcomes experienced by ethnic minority groups and consequently to their poverty. In this article, I analyse differential educational benefits in Bulgaria and compare returns to education for the Roma minority with the majority population and the Turkish minority. I show that both ethnic minority groups have lower education levels and employment rates than the majority population and that they also have lower returns to education. This result could be related to minorities' lower education quality as well as to discrimination in the labour market. Integration policies should thus aim to improve employability and labour market competence of vulnerable groups starting from school.JEL classifications: I24, J15, J7, P36.

Corruption is a significant factor which determines the quality of the "doing business" environment at large. The aim of this paper is to contribute to our understanding of entrepreneurs' corrupt behavior by looking at two questions: (1) does gender matter in corrupt behavior and (2) can corruption be an explanatory factor for gender gaps in firm growth. While it is often argued that female entrepreneurs face gender-specific challenges and might have different behaviors based on different ethics and moral standards, it is crucial to seek for empirical evidence at microeconomic level. Our results indicate that women entrepreneurs do have a significant lower propensity to bribe as compared to men entrepreneurs. Looking at the impact of corruption on employment growth, we do find a general negative impact of administrative corruption especially for micro enterprise but a positive one for women entrepreneurs. This is consistent with the fact that the majority of women are micro entrepreneurs; for them it is easier to escape the attention of corrupt officials, but greasing the wheels of state bureaucracy might become necessary and facilitate their firm's growth.

Metodologias para aprendizagem de conhecimento profissional em práticas e ferramentas da produção enxuta na construção civil: parâmetros para melhoria dos processos de trabalho Methodologies for learning of professional knowledge in practices and tools of the lean production in construction: parameters for improvement of work processes

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