Aeromonas were isolated from 27 (6.6%) of 408 patients admitted with acute gastroenteritis in two hospitals at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Isolates were classified as A. hydrophila (51.8%), A. caviae (40.8%), and A. veronii biotype sobria (7.4%). The highest prevalence of Aeromonas associated infections occurred in lactants and children. Virulence genes (aerA -aerolysin/hemolysin, ahpA -serine-protease, satAglycerophospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferase, lipA -lipase, and ahyB -elastase) and virulence factors (hemolytic, proteolitic, lipolitic activities, and biofilm formation) were identified in most A. hydrophila and A. veronii biotype sobria isolates, with lower frequencies on A. caviae. All Aeromonas isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, cephalotin, and cephazolin, and most of them (>70%) exhibited resistance to imipenem, carbenicillin, amoxillin/sulbactan, and piperacillin. Multiple-resistance, more than four antibiotics, was evidenced in 29.6% of the isolates. The most efficient antibiotics were the quinolones (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), and the aminoglycosides (amikacin and netilmicin).
Introduction: Group B Streptococcus (GBS), a source of neonatal infection, colonizes the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of pregnant women. Routine screening for maternal GBS in late pregnancy and consequent intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis have reduced the incidence of early-onset GBS neonatal infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of PCR, compared to culture (gold standard), in GBS colonization screening of pregnant women, and to establish the prevalence of GBS colonization among this population. Methods: Vaginal introitus and perianal samples were collected from 204 pregnant women, between the 35 th and 37 th weeks of pregnancy, at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit of the University of Caxias do Sul General Hospital between June 2008 and September 2009. All samples were cultured after enrichment in a selective medium and then assayed by culture and PCR methods. Results: The culture and PCR methods yielded detection rates of vaginal/perianal GBS colonization of 22.5% and 26%, respectively (sensitivity 100%; specificity 95.6%; positive and negative predictive values 86.8% and 100%, respectively). A higher prevalence of GBS colonization was detected in the combined vaginal and perianal samples by both culture and PCR assay analyses. Conclusions: PCR is a faster and more efficient method for GBS screening, allowing for optimal identification of women who should receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent newborn infection.
ESBL-producing E. coli, and especially K. pneumoniae are essentially a nosocomial problem, and their dissemination to the community is relatively limited. The great genetic variability observed among ESBL-producing bacteria indicates polyclonal spread and high transference of ESBL genes between bacteria in the hospital environment. This information is of paramount importance for nosocomial infection control.
ESBL-producing E. coli, and especially K. pneumoniae are essentially a nosocomial problem, and their dissemination to the community is relatively limited. The great genetic variability observed among ESBL-producing bacteria indicates polyclonal spread and high transference of ESBL genes between bacteria in the hospital environment. This information is of paramount importance for nosocomial infection control.
Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito microbicida do ozônio gasoso em diferentes concentrações e tempos perante aos micro-organismos patogênicos: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus e Candida albicans cultivadas em placas de Petri. Material e Métodos: O efeito do gás de ozônio perantes cepas padronizadas das bactérias Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 e Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e da levedura Candida albicans ATCC 10231 foi testado em seis concentrações diferentes utilizando um gerador de ozônio. Gupo 1: sem tratamento; grupos experimentais com tratamento: de ozônio: Grupo 2: 60 µg/ml a 10 minutos, Grupo 3: 40 µg/ml a 10 minutos, Grupo 4: 30 µg/ml a 10 minutos, Grupo 5: 20 µg/ml a 5 minutos e Grupo 6: 15 µg/ml a 5 minutos, Os micro-oorganismos foram inoculados em placas de Petri com ágar sangue e em seguida receberam o gás de ozônio. Resultados: O gás de ozônio mostrou atividade antimicrobiana na maioria das concentrações utilizadas. Conclusão: O gás de ozônio mostrou uma atividade antimicrobiana valiosa contra os microorganismos testados. Uma aplicação tópica única por nebulização de cada concentração utilizada de ozono inibiu o crescimento da maioria das estirpes de bactérias potencialmente patogénicas com resistência conhecida a agentes antimicrobianos.
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