ResumenEl presente artículo examina el papel de la experiencia de guerra en la conformación de la dictadura franquista a través del análisis de las actitudes y comportamientos de los vencedores y apoyos sociales del régimen durante la propia Guerra Civil y la posguerra. En concreto, se trata de examinar el modo en que la contienda -ya fuera en el frente o en la retaguardia-influyó a un amplio conjunto de individuos que acabaron por convertirse en los mayores defensores de una cultura cimentada sobre la victoria armada. Para ello, partiendo desde una perspectiva centrada en el plano local, se exploran las diferentes vías (sistema de recompensas, participación en las instituciones del régimen, colaboración en la persecución del enemigo o perpetuación de la memoria de los vencedores) a través de las cuales contribuyeron a la consolidación de la dictadura, al tiempo que propiciaron la exclusión social de los perdedores de la guerra. Palabras clave: Cultura de guerra, Cultura de la victoria, Represión, Guerra Civil española, Franquismo, Actitudes sociales. AbstractThis article explores the role of war experience in the construction of Franco' s dictatorship by analyzing the attitudes and behavior of the victors and the regime' s grassroots during the Spanish Civil War and the postwar period. It aims in particular at examining the way in which the war -both on the frontline and at the rearguard-affected many

This article explores the nature of the process of nationalisation and the construction of nationality in Franco's Spain. Despite that nationalism constituted the principle axis of the narratives and the policies of the Francoist State, there has been scant research into the reach, the channels, and the role of Spaniards in the process of nationalisation.From a starting point of a complex conception of the Francoist national project, this essay seeks to reframe its analysis in light of the theoretical contributions of 'banal nationalism' and 'everyday nationalism'. As such, on the one hand, I intend to make clear the heterogeneity and the dynamism of Francoist nationalism and, on the other, to include individuals within the scene and further, and in particular, to take into account the role of daily experiences and the capacity for agency on the part of Spaniards on the ground, as participants and constructors of the national community.

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Although heavily studied, researchers have barely examined the social and cultural aspects of the Spanish Civil War. The aim of this article is to contribute to the sociocultural history of the war by reintroducing the cultural elements into the analysis. By taking them together with social and political factors, it provides a more complex outlook on the conflict. To reach these goals, this study examines the experience of those who were on the front line and those who remained in the rearguard. The first part explores soldiers' conditions on the front line and their connection with the rearguard. The second section analyses the role played by cultural elements among combatants and civilians. Finally, special attention is paid to the influence of violence on the soldiers' and civilians' experience of war.