Highlights The periosteum has different characteristics between genders and age groups, and may change with the use of medications. Conventional plain radiography can often determine the aggressiveness of periosteal reactions. Knowledge of the periosteum’s anatomy eases the understanding of its periosteal reactions. Systemic periosteal reactions are generally underdiagnosed, due to compartmentalized analysis.

Os autores relatam um caso de condrossarcoma em uma paciente de 14 anos portadora de osteocondromatose múltipla, que procurou assistência médica com a queixa de tumoração na coxa esquerda. Cortes tomográficos do membro afetado evidenciaram lesão osteodestrutiva no terço superior do fêmur esquerdo. O diagnóstico foi feito através da revisão da lâmina do serviço de origem da paciente, confirmando o achado de condrossarcoma grau I em lesão condromatosa. Foi realizada desarticulação do colo femoral devido ao extenso comprometimento de grupos musculares, de tecido celular subcutâneo e de pele. A literatura mostra ampla variação nas taxas de transformação maligna das exostoses em pacientes portadores desta doença, sendo esta uma importante complicação nestes pacientes.

Functional biometric indexes, normal perineal descent and bladder neck descent values were determined for young asymptomatic nulliparous women with the 3-D endovaginal ultrasonography. The method was found to be reliable to measure pelvic floor structures at rest and during Valsalva, and might therefore be suitable for identifying dysfunctions in symptomatic patients.

Extra- and intraneural ganglion cysts have been described in the literature. The tibial nerve ganglion is uncommon and its occurrence without intra-articular extension is atypical. The pathogenesis of cystic degeneration localized to connective and perineural tissue secondary to chronic mechanical irritation or idiopathic mucoid degeneration is hypothesized. Since the above pathology is extremely rare and the magnetic resonance imaging examination detects the defining characteristics of the intrinsic alterations of the tibial nerve, the authors illustrate such a case of tibial intaneural ganglion cyst with its magnetic resonance neurography and sonography appearances.

INTRODUCTION: Chordoma is a rare and slow-growing tumor, with local aggressiveness and preferential localization in the vertebral column. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to evaluate natural history and results of treatment of chordomas. METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective study from 1953 to 1993. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The age ranged from 2 to 86 years (mean=34.5). Twelve patients were male and 12 female. The localization of the tumor was: 20 in the sacral region, 3 in head and neck and one out of the spine. RESULTS: The treatment, alone or combined, was surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The survival rate for patients with lesions in the sacrum ranged from 4 to 119 months, since the date of the symptoms. The 5-year overall survival was 4.2%. CONCLUSION: Chordoma is a rare and slow growing tumor, with a very difficult approach by surgery due to its preferential location in the sacrum and poor therapeutic results with radiation therapy or chemotherapy, mainly in patients with advanced disease.