Rodents, most commonly rats, mice, and guinea pigs are widely used to investigate urinary storage and voiding functions, both in normal animals and in models of disease. An often used methodology is cystometry. Micturitions in rodents and humans differ significantly and this must be considered when cystometry is used to interpret voiding in rodent models. Cystometry in humans requires active participation of the investigated patient (subject), and this can for obvious reasons not be achieved in the animals. Cystometric parameters in rodents are often poorly defined and do not correspond to those used in humans. This means that it is important that the terminology used for description of what is measured should be defined, and that the specific terminology used in human cystometry should be avoided. Available disease models in rodents have limited translational value, but despite many limitations, rodent cystometry may give important information on bladder physiology and pharmacology. The present review discusses the principles of urodynamics in rodents, techniques, and terminology, as well as some commonly used disease models, and their translational value.

Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) were assessed.• When calculating the cure and improvement rates, 'cure' was defined as no pad use or one dry prophylactic pad; and 'improved' was defined as 1-2 pads or reduction of pads ≥ 50%. RESULTS• After a median (range) follow-up of 27 (20-37) months, and a mean follow-up of 27.2 months, the success rate was 75.4% with 51.6% 'cured' and 23.8% 'improved' .• Overall daily pad use, urine loss in the 1-h pad test and quality-of-life scores improved significantly after sling implantation.• Compared with 1-year follow-up data, no worsening over time was noticed and no additional complications were seen. CONCLUSION• With a mid-term follow-up, the retroluminar transobturator male sling is an effective, safe and attractive treatment option for SUI after radical prostatectomy. Results are stable over time. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Several studies showed encouraging early results of the AdVance® sling.However, mid-term and long-term results are missing. We were able to show that the AdVance® sling is also, in a longer follow up (median follow-up of 27 months), an effective, safe and attractive treatment option with stable results for male SUI after radical prostatectomy.

Purpose Nitric oxide mediates urethral smooth muscle relaxation and may also be involved in detrusor activity control. Mice with mutation in the Immp2l gene have high superoxide ion levels and a consequent decrease in the bioavailable amount of nitric oxide. We studied bladder function in this mouse model. Material and Methods Young male mutants at ages 4 to 6 months, old female mutants at age 18 months and healthy WT age matched controls were used. The detrusor contractile response to carbachol and electrical field stimulation was tested in isolated detrusor strips in organ baths. In vivo bladder function was evaluated by cystometry in conscious animals. Results Young male mutants had significantly lower micturition and higher post-void residual volume than WT controls. They had pronounced voiding difficulty and strained when initiating micturition. Detrusor contractile responses to carbachol and electrical field stimulation were similar in mutant and WT mice. Old female mutant mice had lower bladder capacity and micturition volume, and higher micturition frequency and bladder-to-body weight ratio than WT controls. In the in vitro study detrusor strips from mutants showed a lower maximum response to carbachol. Conclusions Mice with mutation in the Immp2l gene have bladder dysfunction, mainly characterized by emptying abnormalities in young males and increased detrusor activity in old females. Detrusor function was preserved in young males and impaired in old females. These animals are a natural model of oxidative stress with low bioavailable nitric oxide. Thus, they are interesting tools in which to evaluate the role of these conditions on bladder dysfunction.