This study explores how teacher questioning was used to foster critical thinking in selected Grade 11 multilingual mathematics classes in the Eastern Cape Province. A mixed-method design was used to collect and analyse both qualitative and quantitative data through classroom observations and interviews of three purposively selected Grade 11 mathematics teachers during their teaching of trigonometry and analytical geometry. The study was guided by Bloom's revised taxonomy. The study found that teachers in these multilingual classes used lower-order levels of questioning during teaching. Higher-order questions, which research has shown have the potential of promoting critical thinking, were infrequently used during teaching. The paper concludes that, while all the categories of Bloom's taxonomy are important, the ones that are crucial in promoting critical and higher-order thinking required at Grade 11 were not adequately used. Suggestions for improving questioning in mathematics teaching are explored.

This study's focus was two-fold, first to look at forms of gestures teachers of multilingual mathematics classes use during teaching; and second to find out how teachers of multilingual mathematics classes utilize learners' home language, language of learning and teaching and gestures to foster understanding in the teaching of mathematics. This qualitative case study is informed by the embodied cognition theory and social constructivism. Two purposively selected Grade 11 teachers were observed and video recorded while teaching trigonometry for a week in a multilingual policy environment. They were each interviewed for an hour. Results shows that iconic and deictic gestures were frequently used to link the teacher's verbal language and the diagrams on the chalkboard or what was previously learnt, to ground cognition into the physical teaching and learning environment. Metaphoric gestures were less used while beat gestures were not used. Results also show that there exists an intricate semiotic and symbiotic relationship between gestures (bodily actions), and spoken language (in two or more languages in the same environment). In this paper, I conclude that in multilingual classes all forms of teacher gestures that indicate and refers to objects and locations in reality may help improve learning. Gestures and verbal languages complement each other, and should be used as resources for mediating and scaffolding teaching and learning.

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