Many mathematical models involve input parameters, which are not precisely known. Global sensitivity analysis aims to identify the parameters whose uncertainty has the largest impact on the variability of a quantity of interest (output of the model). One of the statistical tools used to quantify the influence of each input variable on the output is the Sobol sensitivity index. We consider the statistical estimation of this index from a finite sample of model outputs: we present two estimators and state a central limit theorem for each. We show that one of these estimators has an optimal asymptotic variance. We also generalize our results to the case where the true output is not observable, and is replaced by a noisy version.Résumé. De nombreux modèles mathématiques font intervenir plusieurs paramètres qui ne sont pas tous connus précisément. L'analyse de sensibilité globale se propose de sélectionner les paramètres d'entrée dont l'incertitude a le plus d'impact sur la variabilité d'une quantité d'intérêt (sortie du modèle). Un des outils statistiques pour quantifier l'influence de chacune des entrées sur la sortie est l'indice de sensibilité de Sobol. Nous considérons l'estimation statistique de cet indice à l'aide d'un nombre fini d'échantillons de sorties du modèle: nous présentons deux estimateurs de cet indice et énonçons un théorème central limite pour chacun d'eux. Nous démontrons que l'un de ces deux estimateurs est optimal en terme de variance asymptotique. Nous généralisons également nos résultats au cas où la vraie sortie du modèle n'est pas observée, mais où seule une version dégradée (bruitée) de la sortie est disponible.1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 62G05, 62G20.The dates will be set by the publisher.
To measure the dependence between a real-valued random variable X and a σ -algebra M, we consider four distances between the conditional distribution function of X given M and the distribution function of X. The coefficients obtained are weaker than the corresponding mixing coefficients and may be computed in many situations. In particular, we show that they are well adapted to functions of mixing sequences, iterated random functions and dynamical systems. Starting from a new covariance inequality, we study the mean integrated square error for estimating the unknown marginal density of a stationary sequence. We obtain optimal rates for kernel estimators as well as projection estimators on a well localized basis, under a minimal condition on the coefficients. Using recent results, we show that our coefficients may be also used to obtain various exponential inequalities, a concentration inequality for Lipschitz functions, and a Berry-Esseen type inequality.
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