The adherence of Listeria inoccua L6a and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 was evaluated on stainless steel (SS), polycarbonate (PC) and polypropylene (PP) chips. The EP results showed a significant difference (p<0.05) among the microorganism species interactions, the surfaces and the contact time. The number of adhered cells on the chip surfaces increased as contact time increased and the number of L. innocua or S. aureus on the surface of SS, PC
Bacteria and other microorganisms have a natural tendency to adhere to surfaces as a survival mechanism. This can occur in many environments, including the living host, industrial systems, and natural waters. The general outcome of bacterial colonization of a surface is biofilm formation, which consists of microorganisms immobilized in a variety of polymeric compounds generally referred to as extracellular polymeric substances. Bacterial adhesion to a solid surface is a crucial step in the biofilm process. This step is dependent upon van der Waals, electrostatic, and acid-base interactions. These interactions are influenced by physicochemical properties of the substratum and the bacterial surface, such as hydrophobicity, surface charge, and electron donor-electron acceptor properties. In addition, the roughness of the substratum and the microbiological characteristics of the cell surface, such as cellular appendages and production of exopolysaccharides, can affect the adherence process. To date, many strategies have been developed to decrease the adherence of bacteria to surfaces. Surface modification with the addition of the suitable compounds makes surfaces less attractive for microorganisms and therefore prevents bacterial adherence and biofilm formation.
Recebido em 17/11/09; aceito em 21/4/10; publicado na web em 1/9/10 COLLOIDAL ASPECTS OF BACTERIAL ADHESION. The ability of bacteria to attach to surface and develop into a biofilm has been of considerable interest to food industry. Electrostatic, Lifhistz-van der Waals and Lewis acid-base forces are usually considered responsible for the interactions at the interface of the bacterial adhesion. The study of microbial adhesion thermodynamic is important because it represents the reflection of microbial surface and food processing surface physicochemical characteristics. This review examines the most important aspects involved in bacterial attachment to a surface with emphases in thermodynamics of adhesion process.Keywords: bacterial adhesion; biofilm; microbial surface thermodynamics. INTRODUÇÃOA adesão bacteriana é importante em um grande número de processos tecnológicos, envolvendo desde a microbiologia médica e patológica, passando pela indústria de alimentos e engenharia de meio ambiente até a área de ciência de biomateriais. 1A adesão de micro-organismos a superfícies é um fenômeno que ocorre naturalmente em meios aquosos e depende das propriedades superficiais (tensão superficial, entalpia superficial por unidade de área, composição da superfície, etc.) das interfaces dos suportes de adesão (aço, polímeros, mármore, etc.) e das membranas dos micro-organismos. Além disso, as propriedades microbiológicas e as características do meio circundante, tais como temperatura, pH, força iônica e disponibilidade de nutrientes, determinam, em muitos sistemas, o processo de adsorção. 1 A formação de um biofilme inclui muitas etapas, mas um pré-requisito é a adesão das células microbianas à superfície. Estudos recentes das propriedades de adesão de bactérias têm mostrado que, em alguns casos, as características físico-químicas da superfície da célula contribuem determinantemente no processo de adesão. 2A adesão e a formação de biofilmes microbianos podem ser indesejáveis, sob diversos aspectos, em várias áreas de aplicação. A presença do biofilme em dispositivos médicos implantados já foi descrita em lentes de contato, cateteres venosos centrais, tubos endotraqueais, dispositivos intrauterinos, válvulas cardíacas mecânicas, marcapassos, cateteres de diálise peritoneal, próteses articulares, tubos de timpanostomia, cateteres urinários e de derivação ventrículo-peritoneal.3 Na indús tria de alimentos, a adesão e a formação de biofilme podem tornar o pro cesso de cloração da água menos eficiente; 4 reduzir a eficiência de transferência de energia na forma de calor em trocadores térmicos; diminuir o fluxo em tubulações; desencadear processos corrosivos e, principalmente, se tornarem fon tes de contaminação microbiana.5 Sob o aspecto microbiológico, a adesão pode constituir-se de mi cro-organismos alteradores e/ou patogênicos, que resultam em sérios problemas de higiene, de saúde pública ou de ordem econômica. 6 Por outro lado, em alguns casos, o processo de adesão ou biofilme pode ser desejável, a exemplo daqueles existentes ...
Efficiency of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in reducing the cell number of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli K-12 adhered to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films was evaluated. The microorganisms were let to adhere to the surface of LPDE bags for 12h at 18ºC, and then submitted to UV radiation at an intensity 196 µW.cm -2 , 254nm, for 2 seconds. Staphylococcus aureus was less resistant to UV radiation than E. coli, and the efficiency increased with the increase of the concentration of microbial suspension. After 1500 hours of use the UV radiation intensity of the lamp was reduced from 288 to 78 µW.cm -2 , and the higher decrease occurred in the first 100 hours of use. Also, the efficiency of the UV radiation decreased after 1500 hours of use. The number of mesophilic aerobes on the surface of LDPE films was reduced by 90% after irradiation with 137 µW.cm -2 for 2 seconds. Atomic force microscopy revealed cracks and crevices and protuberances on the LDPE surface, a topography that can protect the cells from UV radiation, reducing the efficiency of the process. The results showed that UV radiation can be a useful technique for reducing the microbiota adhered to LDPE films.
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