Recebido em 4/4/01; aceito em 16/8/01 FLOW INJECTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PARACETAMOL (ACETAMINOPHEN) IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS.A flow injection spectrophotometric procedure is proposed for the determination of paracetamol (acetaminophen) in pharmaceutical formulations. Powdered and liquid samples were previously dissolved/diluted in 0.05 mol L -1 hydrochloric acid solution and a volume of 250 µL was injected directly into a carrier stream of this same acid solution, flowing at 2.5 mL min -1 . Paracetamol reacts with sodium hypochlorite forming N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine which then reacts with sodium salicylate in sodium hydroxide solution yielding a blue indophenol dye which was measured at 640 nm in the pH range of 9.5-10.0. Paracetamol was determined in pharmaceutical products in the 1.0 to 100.0 mg L -1 (3.3x10 -6 a 6.6x10 -4 mol L -1 ) concentration range, with a detection limit of 0.5 mg L -1 (1.6x10 -6 mol L -1 ). The recovery of this analyte in five samples ranged from 98.0 to 103.6 %. The analytical frequency was 80 determinations per hour and the RSDs were less than 1% for paracetamol concentrations of 25.0, 50.0 and 75.0 mg L -1 (n=10). A paired t-test showed that all results obtained for paracetamol in commercial formulations using the proposed flow injection procedure and a spectrophotometric batch procedure agree at the 95% confidence level.Keywords: paracetamol; flow injection spectrophotometry; pharmaceutical formulations. INTRODUÇÃOParacetamol é um analgésico-antipirético pertencente à classe dos derivados do p-aminofenol, introduzido no século passado como resultado de pesquisas destinadas a substitutos para acetanilida. Embora possuam propriedades analgésico-antipiréticas, a fenacetina e a acetanilida dão origem à metemoglobina (hemoglobina incapaz de transportar oxigênio), devido à formação de um precursor da anilina. Tanto a acetanilida quanto a fenacetina são metabolizadas a paracetamol, a substância ativa. Outros fármacos dessa classe são a anidoxina, butacetina, etoxazena, fenacetinol, parapropanol e parsalmida 1 .O paracetamol é obtido por acetilação do p-aminofenol com áci-do acético glacial e anidrido acético. Esse fármaco se apresenta como um pó branco, inodoro e ligeiramente hidrossolúvel e as suas atividades analgésicas e antipiréticas são similares às da acetanilida e fenacetina, da qual é metabólito. O paracetamol não tem atividade anti-inflamatória, mas ainda assim é provavelmente o antipirético-analgésico de segunda escolha, sobretudo para pacientes alérgicos ao ácido acetilsalicílico ou que sofram de úlceras pépticas. Por ser menos tóxico que a fenacetina, o paracetamol acabou substituindo-a em diversas formulações farmacêuticas, sendo habitual administrar doses diárias 1 variando de 0,3 a 1 g.A Farmacopéia Americana (USP-23) 2 recomenda a cromatografia em camada delgada e espectrofotometria para a determinação de paracetamol em preparações farmacêuticas e a A.O.A.C 3 o método espectrofotométrico com detecção em 520 nm.Há citados na literatura diversos mét...
Recebido em 16/9/99; aceito em 12/1/00 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN B 2 (RIBOFLAVIN) IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS USING FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS. A flow injection spectrophotometric procedure exploiting merging zones is proposed for determining vitamin B 2 (riboflavin) in pharmaceutical preparations. The determination is based on the red-colored complex formation between vitamin B 2 and silver(I) which was measured at 520 nm. Vitamin B 2 was determined in four pharmaceutical preparations in the 1.0 to 50.0 mg L-1 concentration range, with a detection limit of 0.5 mg L-1. The recovery from three samples ranged from 98.0 to 104.0 %. The analytical frequency was 42 h-1 and r.s.d. were lower than 1% for solutions containing 10.0, 30.0 and 50.0 mg L-1 vitamin B 2 (n= 10). The results obtained in commercial formulations using the FIA procedure were in good agreement with those obtained by using a conventional fluorimetric procedure (r=0.9998) and also with the label values (r= 0.9997).
Construiu-se um eletrodo íon-seletivo de grafite-epoxi recoberto para Fe(III), baseado no par-iônico formado entre o ânion [Fe(citrato)2] 3e o cátion tricaprililmetilamônio (Aliquat 336) incorporado em uma matriz de PVC (cloreto de polivinila). Uma membrana fina foi preparada pela incorporação deste par-iônico, ftalato de dibutila (DBPh) em PVC e aplicados diretamente em um tubo Perspex® contendo o condutor de grafite-epoxi. A solução de recobrimento foi preparada pela dissolução de 30% (m/m) de PVC em 10 mL de tetraidrofurano seguido da adição de 65% (m/m) de plastificante DBPh e 5% (m/m) do par-iônico. Investigou-se o efeito do pH, concentração de citrato e de alguns cátions sobre a resposta do eletrodo. O eletrodo apresentou uma resposta linear para E(mV) vs. log[Fe(citrato)2] 3no intervalo de concentração de ferro(III) de 1,0 x 10-3 a 1,0 x response was linear for iron(III) concentration from 1.0 x 10-3 mol/L to 1.0 x 10-1 mol/L in 1.0 mol/L citrate medium, with a slope of 19.3 ± 0.5 mV/decade and a useful lifetime of at least six months (more than 800 determinations for each polymeric membrane used). The detection limit was 7.5 x 10-4 mol/L and the relative standard deviation was less than 3% for a solution containing 5.0 x 10-3 mol/L of iron(III) (n = 10). The application of this electrode for iron(III) determination in samples of vitamin formulations is described. The results obtained with this procedure are in close agreement with those obtained using AA spectrophotometry (r = 0.9999).
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