No abstract

No abstract

L'auteur analyse la formation et l'extension rapide de sectes religieuses (surtout pentecôtistes), qui se recrutent parmi des noirs antillais récemment immigrés en Angleterre; le phéno-mène est mis en perspective avec les tensions sociales, et en particulier celles qu'a provoqué l'immigration noire en Grande-Bretagne. La plus importante de ces sectes sert de cas d'analyse et sa croissance est interprétée & a g r a v e ; partir du concept d'anomie.Les Antillais immigrés en Grande-Bretagne ne souffrent pas de dépossession économique, mais de l'infériorité de leur race et de leur statut, et cela est devenu particulièrement sensible depuis que, pour la première fois, le problème racial est devenu un enjeu électoral. L'analyse montre que les adhésions & a g r a v e ; la secte se font plus nombreuses & a g r a v e ; mesure que s'accroît ce problème. L'auteur conclut & a g r a v e ; l'existence d'un lien entre l'anomie et la croissance des sectes religieuses de noirs en Grande-Bretagne.The widespread and rapid growth of immigrant religious sects in Britain is a movement from which much can be learned regarding the structure and function of minority group organizations under conditions of social stress in relation to wider society. In Britain the sects are Christian groups, mainly Pentecostal or of similar-type religious beliefs with a conservative evangelical theology and holding literalist views of Scripture as the inspired Word of God. They occur exclusively among West Indian and African immigrants in Britain and have all-black congregations. It is the writer's belief that there is a clear relationship between the growth of these sects and the experience of social deprivation in Britain.Before examining the evidence for this contention it will be useful to illustrate the growth-rate of the sects by looking at the development of the largest of the sects in Britain. This is the « New Testament Church

Harwell was already thinking of designs for advanced gas-cooled reactors in the late 1940s, and in particular, there was a proposal for a high-temperature heliumcooled graphite-moderated reactor for submarine propulsion (described elsewhere), but when its main organiser, Jack Diamond, left to become professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Manchester, the concept became neglected in favour of the carbon dioxide-cooled PIPPA design. In any event, such a design would have been totally impracticable given the state of the art at the time.The idea of a high-temperature reactor was taken up again at Harwell in the mid-1950s, and its progress shows up much of the rivalry and difference of approach between Risley and Harwell. The AEA did not have unlimited resources, and Hinton at Risley preferred going forward in relatively modest steps. This was not true for Harwell, where a number of teams were working on a variety of systems often apparently chosen for their scientific interest rather than their practical application in a power reactor, with systems such as the liquid metal cooled reactor or the homogenous aqueous reactor being promoted. More practical systems such as the light water-cooled reactors, exemplified by LEO, were dropped, possibly because they did not have the attraction of the more challenging systems. Ironically, light water reactors have gone on to dominate the nuclear power market, whereas the vast majority of the systems which were being investigated at Harwell proved impractical for one reason or another. In Harwell's defence, the only way to find out whether a system was viable was to study it to find out.As interest in the high-temperature reactor revived at the end of 1955, a working party was set up at Harwell. 1 The new design was also intended to exploit what was described as the thorium cycle, whereby thorium 232 is converted to uranium 233, which is a fissile isotope. Thorium is both cheap and abundant, and this was seen as another way of stretching out the amount of uranium used, since uranium was then thought to be in short supply.Work began on a study of a fuel testing reactor of 30 MW which would be about 4 m in diameter and 2.5 m high, contained within a steel pressure vessel. The coolant inlet temperature would be 350 • C and the outlet temperature 850 • C. The ideas for 307 An Atomic Empire Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by KAINAN UNIVERSITY on 01/09/15. For personal use only.

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org..