In two experiments we show that the prior presentation of a picture serves to facilitate the recognition of that picture in a tachistoscope up to 45 minutes later. Facilitation of recognition also occurred with prior presentation of a different picture with the same name. This cannot be explained in terms of a response bias, since the presentation of a word, which the subject read aloud, had no effect whatsoever upon the subsequent recognition of the picture. The data are interpreted in terms of a categorization stage for pictures which is completely independent of the verbal system. Data from other experimental paradigms are also examined. Our categorization model enables consistent interpretation of these data, which otherwise appear contradictory.

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Ph 61 401991111 (8400 words)Indexing words: dynamism, dynamic, planning, emergent, iterative project management Abstract Rapidly changing environments are a newly recognized and increasing challenge in the field of project management. Traditional prescriptive approaches, orientated around process control, are considered sub-optimal in meeting this challenge. In this article, the authors present an exploratory theorybuilding study aiming to identify the project management approaches used by experienced practitioners to respond to rapidly changing environments. The results of thirty-seven semi-structured interviews with thirty-one participants across ten industries (i.e. construction, aerospace, international community development, pharmaceutical, defense, film production, startups, venture capital, research, and information technology) were analyzed according to the planning styles used. Results are discussed in the light of previous research and a model for better management in rapidly changing environments proposed.Pre-publish draft.

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PurposeClimate change is predicted to have a significant effect on the frequency of extreme weather events and the occurrence of natural disasters. There is a need for facilities managers to mitigate against potential disruption and prepare for future events. Current practice, however, as illustrated by the literature shows that little risk assessment is currently undertaken with few organisations preparing integrated disaster management plans or business continuity plans to help them meet the challenge. This paper aims to describe the current climate change predictions and the likely consequences for building assets in the face of extreme weather events.Design/methodology/approachThe paper was based on literature review of current climate change data and published research and guidance for facilities managers in preparing risk assessment and disaster plans.FindingsThe research reveals that there exists a divergence between current scientific data relating to potential effects of climate change on the built environment and the level of disaster planning and organisational resilience to extreme weather events.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper provides an overview of the recent changes in disaster occurrence and the potential for increasing climate‐related crisis and disasters which have potential to significantly compromise the ongoing use of an organisation's facilities. The paper concludes that facilities managers need to be proactive in their risk assessment and disaster planning.Practical implicationsThe paper highlights the potential for increased climate change‐related natural disasters. Property assets are likely to be significantly impacted and as a consequence facilities disaster plans should address the issue of natural disaster preparedness. Current literature reveals a limited level of disaster planning is occurring.Originality/valueThe paper provides an important link between current climate change predictions, the increasing levels of natural disasters resulting from climate change and the potential for significant disruption to business facilities. The paper builds on earlier research highlighting the potential for climate‐related natural disaster.