We are currently witnessing the advent of new diagnostic tools and therapies for heart diseases, but, without serious scientific consensus on fundamental questions about normal and diseased heart structure and function. During the last decade, three successive, international, multidisciplinary symposia were organized in order to setup fundamental research principles, which would allow us to make a significant step forward in understanding heart structure and function. Helical ventricular myocardial band of Torrent-Guasp is the revolutionary new concept in understanding global, three-dimensional, functional architecture of the ventricular myocardium. This concept defines the principal, cumulative vectors, integrating the tissue architecture (i.e. form) and net forces developed (i.e. function) within the ventricular mass. Here we expose the compendium of Torrent-Guasp's half-century long functional anatomical investigations in the light of ongoing efforts to define the integrative approach, which would lead to new understanding of the ventricular form and function by linking across multiple scales of biological organization, as defined in ongoing Physiome project. Helical ventricular myocardial band of Torrent-Guasp may also, hopefully, allow overcoming some difficulties encountered in contemporary efforts to create a comprehensive mathematical model of the heart.
SUCCI , J. R.; LEÃO, L. E. v. ; BRANCO, J . N. R.; CUEVA, C.; AGUIAR, L F. ; GALLUCCI, C. -Revascularização direta do miocárdio sem circulação extracorpórea: estudo crítico dos resultados em 391 pacientes. Rev. Bras. Cir. Cardiovasc., 1 (1) : 32-39, 1986.RESUMO: Os autores analisam os resultados obtidos em 391 pacientes consecutivos e não selecionados e submetidos a revascularização direta do miocárdio sem o circuito cardiopulmonar, operados de setembro de 1981 a fevereiro de 1985. Neste mesmo período, foram realizadas um total de 1568 cirurgias de revascularização, sendo esta alternativa tática aplicável em 24,9% dos casos. Da casuística apresentada, 318 (81,3%) eram do sexo masculino e 73 (18,7%), do feminino e as idades de 35 a 76 anos, oscilando em torno da mediana 56. As condições pré-operatórias indicativas da cirurgia foram as seguintes : insuficiência coronária crónica 286 (73,1%) casos ; pós trombólise coronária 42 (10,7%) ; infarto agudo em evolução 18 (4,6%); pós angioplastia mal sucedida 18 (4,6% ); reoperações 14 (3 ,6%); síndrome intermediária 12 (3,1%) e revascularização em dissecção aórtica crónica 1 caso. Pontes únicas foram realizadas em 175 (44,7%) pacientes, duplas em 192 (49,1%) e triplas em 24 (6,1%), com a média de 1,6 pontes/paciente. A artéria mamária foi usada para 109 casos, artéria mamária heteróloga bovina em 2, sendo, nos demais, utilizada a veia safena. A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 2,5% (10/391), o que difere, significativamente, da mortalidade de 5% verificada para um grupo de 1177 pacientes operados no mesmo período, com a circulação extracorpórea. Comparamos, prospectivamente, as complicações pós-operatórias observadas em um grupo de 378 paCientes operados sem a circulação extracorpórea, contra um grupo controle de 689 pacientes tratados da maneira convencional, no que diz respeito à incidência de arritmias, infarto per-operatório, complicações pulmonares, neurológicas, infecciosas e hemorrágicas. Verificamos uma incidência menor, estatisticamente significante, para as complicações pulmonares, neurológicas e de arritmias no grupo operado sem a Circulação extracorpórea, não diferindo das demais complicações entre os dois grupos. Concluem os autores que a revascularização do miocárdio sem utilização da extracorpórea se consolidou, ao longo destes 4 anos de experiência, çomo tática de eleição em lesões da coronária direita, descendente anterior, ou ambas, face às vantagens que apresenta.
270Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc | Braz J Cardiovasc SurgRev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2013;28(2):270-80 Cueva CNC, et al. -Clinical and ultramicroscopic myocardial randomized study of beating versus arrested heart for mitral surgery RBCCV 44205-1467 DOI: 10.5935/1678 Clinical and ultramicroscopic myocardial randomized study of beating versus arrested heart for mitral surgery Objectives: This study compared clinical and transmission electron microscopic aspects of myocardial protection during mitral valve replacement using warm retrograde perfusion in empty beating versus arrested heart with cold blood anterograde cardioplegia.Methods: Randomized study to evaluate myocardial cellular ischemia-reperfusion of both techniques to replace the mitral valve. Thirty-four patients were randomly assigned into group A (beating heart) and group B (arrested heart). The following parameters were assessed: echocardiography, blood chemistry, hemoglobin, lactate. During the surgical procedure a total of 102 myocardial biopsies were performed for ultrastructural analysis from anterior left ventricular wall: before cardiopulmonary bypass, before aortic desclamping and 10 minutes after reperfusion.Results: Elevation of lactate at 3 hours during the procedure was higher in group A, but similar at the end of surgery (P=0.06). Cardioversion was necessary in 5/17 (A) vs. 13/17 (B) P=0.07. Median intraoperative systemic temperature was significantly lower in the group B compared to A (32ºC vs. 36ºC), P<0.001. There was no significant difference of the ultramicroscopic aspects of the heart biopsies before, during and after surgery in both groups. Cellular and mitochondrial transient abnormalities such as mitochondrial swelling, glycogen loss and cytosol swelling were detected independently of the moment of the biopsies.Conclusion: Myocardial protection and ultrastructural abnormalities were similar for both types of mitral valve replacement beating or arrested heart techniques.Descriptors: Heart Arrest, Induced. Myocardium. Mitral Valve, Surgery. 271Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc | Braz J Cardiovasc Surg Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2013;28(2):270-80 Rev
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