As with conservation and development, the world of international forestry has been characterized by evolving trends and fads. In the late 1990s, as the Adaptive Collaborative Management (ACM) programme 1 got underway at the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), the international forestry world was dominated by a search for 'sustainable forest management' (SFM). It was within that context that ACM was initially developed there.By the early 2010s, global interest in reforestation had begun to eclipse the earlier emphasis on SFM; at the same time the nationally-focused Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP, hereafter referred to as the Collaboratives --to reflect the multiple initiatives that took place under this programme) 2 began in the United States.Global forestry, development and conservation communities are now seriously interested in restoring forests. The multiple institutions now calling for forest restoration, as well as the expansive hectarages promised by governments in recent years, have been described by numerous authors (e.g.,

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