The human forearm is one of the most densely distributed parts of the human body, with the most irregular spatial distribution of muscles. A number of specific forearm muscles control hand motions. Acquiring high-fidelity sEMG signals from human forearm muscles is vital for human-machine interface (HMI) applications based on gesture recognition. Currently, the most commonly used commercial electrodes for detecting sEMG or other electrophysiological signals have a rigid nature without stretchability and cannot maintain conformal contact with the human skin during deformation, and the adhesive hydrogel used in them to reduce skin-electrode impedance may shrink and cause skin inflammation after long-term use. Therefore, developing elastic electrodes with stretchability and biocompatibility for sEMG signal recording is essential for developing HMI. Here, we fabricated a nanocomposite hybrid on-skin electrode by infiltrating silver nanowires (AgNWs), a one-dimensional (1D) nano metal material with conductivity, into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a silicone elastomer with a similar Young's modulus to that of the human skin. The AgNW on-skin electrode has a thickness of 300 μm and low sheet resistance of 0.481 ± 0.014 Ω/sq and can withstand the mechanical strain of up to 54% and maintain a sheet resistance lower than 1 Ω/sq after 1000 dynamic strain cycles. The AgNW on-skin electrode can record high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) sEMG signals from forearm muscles and can reflect various force levels of muscles by sEMG signals. Besides, four typical hand gestures were recognized by the multichannel AgNW on-skin electrodes with a recognition accuracy of 92.3% using machine learning method. The AgNW on-skin electrode proposed in this study has great potential and promise in various HMI applications that employ sEMG signals as control signals.

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