The dioxo-Mo(VI) complexes LM0O2X [L = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1 -yl)borate (La), hydrotris(3isopropylpyrazol-1 -yl)borate (Lb), hydrotris(3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazol-1 -yl)borate (Lc); X = Cl, Br, NCS, OMe, OEt, OPh, SPr', SPh, SCH2Ph] have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and structural methods.The infrared spectra of the complexes exhibit ( 2) bands at 940-920 and 910-890 cm-1, and the NMR spectra are indicative of molecular C, symmetry in solution. The X-ray crystal structures of three complexes are reported. LaMo02(SPh): monoclinic space group P2\lc, a = 18.265( 6) Á, b = 8.110(3) Á, c = 18.299(3) Á, ß = 117.06(2)°, V = 2414(1) Á* 123 with Z = 4. LbMo02(OMe): monoclinic space group Cllc, a = 30.365(4) Á, b = 8.373(1) Á, c = 19.646( 2) Á, ß = 113.28(1)°, V = 4588(1) Á3 5with Z = 8. LcMo02(SPh): orthorhombic space group P2,2,2,, a = 7.9302(13) k,b = 16.627(2) k,c= 17.543(2) k,V= 2313.1(9) Á3 with Z = 4. The structures were refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to R values of 0.043,0.027, and 0.039, respectively. The mononuclear complexes feature facially tridentate N-donor ligands, mutually cis oxo and X ligands, and distorted octahedral geometries. The alkoxy and thiolate complexes undergo a reversible, one-electron reduction to form the corresponding dioxo-Mo(V) anions [LMovC>2X]-. The requirements for reversible, one-electron electrochemical reduction of dioxo-Mo(VI) complexes appear to be (i) minimal conformational change, restricting substitution trans to the oxo groups, upon reduction and (ii) a steric or electrostatic barrier to the close approach and dinucleation of the reduced species. A number of oxo-hydroxo-Mo(V) complexes of the type LMovO-(OH)X were generated by protonation of the anions [LMov02X]~. Chemical reduction by Bun4NSH results in the sequential generation of [LMov02X]-and [LMovOSX]-anions (except for X = OPh, SPh, and SPr1, when only [LMov02X]is formed). The Mo(V) complexes have been characterized by EPR spectroscopy.

BackgroundCase management has been applied in community aged care to meet frail older people’s holistic needs and promote cost-effectiveness. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of case management in community aged care on client and carer outcomes.MethodsWe searched Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, CINAHL (EBSCO) and PsycINFO (CSA) from inception to 2011 July. Inclusion criteria were: no restriction on date, English language, community-dwelling older people and/or carers, case management in community aged care, published in refereed journals, randomized control trials (RCTs) or comparative observational studies, examining client or carer outcomes. Quality of studies was assessed by using such indicators as quality control, randomization, comparability, follow-up rate, dropout, blinding assessors, and intention-to-treat analysis. Two reviewers independently screened potentially relevant studies, extracted information and assessed study quality. A narrative summary of findings were presented.ResultsTen RCTs and five comparative observational studies were identified. One RCT was rated high quality. Client outcomes included mortality (7 studies), physical or cognitive functioning (6 studies), medical conditions (2 studies), behavioral problems (2 studies) , unmet service needs (3 studies), psychological health or well-being (7 studies) , and satisfaction with care (4 studies), while carer outcomes included stress or burden (6 studies), satisfaction with care (2 studies), psychological health or well-being (5 studies), and social consequences (such as social support and relationships with clients) (2 studies). Five of the seven studies reported that case management in community aged care interventions significantly improved psychological health or well-being in the intervention group, while all the three studies consistently reported fewer unmet service needs among the intervention participants. In contrast, available studies reported mixed results regarding client physical or cognitive functioning and carer stress or burden. There was also limited evidence indicating significant effects of the interventions on the other client and carer outcomes as described above.ConclusionsAvailable evidence showed that case management in community aged care can improve client psychological health or well-being and unmet service needs. Future studies should investigate what specific components of case management are crucial in improving clients and their carers’ outcomes.

SynopsisThe point prevalence of depressive disorders was estimated in a sample of persons aged 70 years and over, which included both those living in the community and those in institutional settings. Lay interviewers administered the Canberra Interview for the Elderly to the subjects and their informants. The point prevalence of depressive episodes as defined by the Draft ICD-10 diagnostic criteria was 3·3%. The rate for DSM-III-R major depressive disorder was 1·0%. The latter prevalence rate is similar to those reported elsewhere for the elderly. Evidence is accumulating that older persons may indeed have low rates for depressive disorders at the formal case level. Possible reasons for this finding are offered.A scale for depressive symptoms, based exclusively on those specified in Draft ICD-10 and DSM-III-R, showed that the elderly do experience many depressive symptoms. Contrary to expectation, these did not increase with age. The number of depressive symptoms was correlated with neuroticism, poor physical health, disability and a history of previous depression. Attention now needs to be directed to the clinical significance of depressive symptoms below the case level in elderly persons.