Objectives/Hypothesis Mal de débarquement syndrome (MDDS) is characterized by a persistent rocking sensation, as though on a boat. It may occur following exposure to passive motion (motion‐triggered MDDS [MT‐MDDS]), or spontaneously (spontaneous‐onset MDDS [SO‐MDDS]). This study investigated the characteristics of MDDS patients with vestibular migraine (MDDS‐VM) to those without (MDDS‐O). Study Design Retrospective review. Methods Retrospective, single‐center study of 62 patients with MDDS. Clinical characteristics, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Migraine Disability Assessment Score (MIDAS), job impact, and optimal treatment(s) were studied. Results There were 23 MDDS‐O (19 women), and 39 MDDS‐VM (35 women) patients. Comparisons between MDDS‐VM and MDDS‐O showed significant differences in age of onset (41 vs. 52 years, P = .005), interictal visually induced dizziness (89.7% vs. 30.4%, P < .001), interictal head motion‐induced dizziness (87.2% vs. 47.8%, P = .001), other vestibular sensations (59% vs. 13%, P < .001), interictal aural symptoms (25.6% vs. 0%, P = .008), number of interictal symptoms (4.3 vs. 2.3, P < .001), total DHI score (54.9 vs. 38.1, P = .005), DHI‐P (physical domain) score (16.1 vs. 10, P = .004), DHI‐F (functional domain) score (20.9 vs. 15.7, P = .016 MIDAS (4.6 vs. 32, P = .002), and job resignations (23.2% vs. 5%, P = .016). On the other hand, between‐group comparisons for MT‐MDDS and SO‐MDDS did not reveal any significant differences whatsoever. For optimal treatment, venlafaxine was the most used (27.3%) in all groups. For MDDS‐VM, antiepileptic drugs and migraine preventive vitamins were also useful in relieving symptoms. Conclusions MDDS‐VM patients appear to be more disabled than MDDS‐O, in terms of severity of dizziness, job impact, and number of symptoms, but have good potential for improvement, particularly with migraine prophylactic treatment. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1653–E1661, 2021

Objective This systemic review assesses skin tone representation in images of dermatomyositis rashes in medical education literature. Methods A review of 59 dermatology, 11 neurology, 10 neuromuscular, 7 rheumatology, and 6 internal medicine textbooks published between 2011 and 2021 and 3 online image databases (UpToDate, VisualDx, and DermNet NZ) that were available through an online medical school library was performed. After extracting images, images with poor lighting or unclear rashes were removed. Authors graded skin tone independently on the Massey and Martin Skin Colour Scale (MMSCS) from 1 (very light) to 10 (very dark). The median score was taken for a final score, grouped within MMSCS 1–2, 3–4, 5–7, or 8–10. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W). Results 621 images were extracted after reviewing 93 textbooks and 3 online databases. Of the 561 images analyzed, 73.1% of images represented MMSCS 1–2, followed by 3–4 (13.4%), 5–7 (11.8%), and 8–10 (1.8%). Inter-rater reliability was high (W = 0.835). Of the images in MMSCS 5–10, 59.2% were in online databases and 80.6% of textbook images were in dermatology books. Conclusions Patients with lighter skin tones were represented in a higher number of dermatomyositis-related educational materials compared with patients with darker skin tones. Our findings add to current research implicating that darker skin tones are underrepresented in cutaneous educational materials, specifically for dermatomyositis. This leads to the inability to properly characterize skin involvement in dermatomyositis and may lead to inappropriate exclusion from clinical trials due to erroneous skin scoring.

Background and ObjectivesIt is predicted that the current shortfall of neurologists will continue to grow beyond current training rates. It is well documented that medical students often possess stigmatizing beliefs toward neuroscience-based careers. Preclerkship medical education is where many medical students lay the foundation for specialty interests, and at some medical schools, it may be their only direct exposure to neurology. Providing preclerkship students with exp osure to the unique aspects of clinical neuroscience such as procedures is a possible avenue for increasing student interest.Methods and Curriculum DescriptionWe sought to assess the influence of a procedure workshop on student specialty interest. We organized a hands-on procedure workshop for preclerkship medical students to learn examination skills and procedures used by adult/pediatric neurologists, neurosurgeons, and psychiatrists. Twelve different stations were run by faculty, trainees, and technicians. Attendance was optional, and students were free to move between stations according to their time and interests. Most stations involved some brief education and time for students to practice or take part in the procedure. Attendees completed an exit survey on their retrospective interest in the relevant specialties before attending the workshop, prospective interest after attending the workshop, and the helpfulness of each station in understanding the procedure. Statistical analyses were performed on the survey responses to determine change in specialty interest resulting from the workshop.Results and Assessment DataA total of 111 students attended the workshop, and 104 (94%) filled out the postsurvey. Most were from the second-year medical student class. Approximately 41% of the second-year class attended. There was an increase in student interest (d= 0.6346) in the clinical neurosciences by the Fisher exact test (p< 0.0001). Thirty-three attendees (32%) reported an increased interest in the specialties. Of the students who reported having no prior interest in the clinical neuroscience specialties, 82% (18/22) had an increased interest as a result of the workshop.Discussion and Lessons LearnedA hands-on procedure workshop improved medical student interest in the clinical neurosciences. Although its effect on future specialty choice is unclear, preclerkship experiences such as a procedure workshop may be a useful addition to medical school curricula to foster interest in neurology and the clinical neurosciences.

Background: It is predicted that the current shortfall of neurologists will continue to grow beyond current training rates. It is well documented that medical students often possess stigmatizing beliefs towards neuroscience-based careers. Preclinical medical education is where many medical students lay the foundation for specialty interests, and at some medical schools it may be their only direct exposure to neurology. Providing preclinical students with exposure to the unique aspects of clinical neuroscience such as procedures is a possible avenue for increasing student interest. We sought to assess the influence of a procedure workshop on student specialty interest.Methods: We organized a hands-on procedure workshop for preclinical medical students to learn exam skills and procedures used by adult/pediatric neurologists, neurosurgeons, and psychiatrists. Twelve different stations were run by faculty, trainees, and technicians. Attendance was optional, and students were free to move between stations according to their time and interests. Most stations involved some brief education and time for students to practice or take part in the procedure. Attendees completed a survey on their interest in the relevant specialties before and after the workshop, and the helpfulness of each station in understanding the procedure. Statistical analyses were performed on the survey responses to determine change in specialty interest resulting from the workshop.Results: 111 students attended the workshop, and 104 (94%) filled out the post-survey. Most were from the second-year medical student class. Approximately 41% of the second-year class attended. There was an increase in student interest in the clinical neurosciences by Fisher’s exact test (p<0.0001). 33 attendees (32%) reported an increased interest in the specialties from the workshop. Interestingly, 82% (18/22) of the students who reported previously having no interest in the specialties had an increased interest as a result of the workshop.Discussion: A hands-on procedure workshop improved medical student interest in the clinical neurosciences. Although its impact on future specialty choice is unclear, enjoyable preclinical experiences such as a procedure workshop may be a useful addition to medical school curricula to foster interest in neurology and the clinical neurosciences.